Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) is a small pelagic fish living in the coast of Peru and Chile. Understanding the variations of fishing ground and its relationship with oceanic environmental factors is beneficial to resource development. Based on the anchoveta fisheries data along the Peru coast from 2005 to 2014 and the oceanic environmental data including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH) and chlorophyll-a (Chl.a) derived from satellite remote sensing, the variations of fishing ground and its relationship with oceanic environmental factors in the two fishing seasons (the first:April-July; the second:November-next year January) was analyzed. Results showed that the ranges of optimum oceanic environmental factors had differences in each fishing month. There was a decreasing trend of optimum SST range as month passed in the first fishing season and an increasing trend in the second fishing season. Each fishing month in both fishing seasons nearly had the same optimum SSH range (29 cm to 41cm). Optimum Chl.a range showed a decreasing trend in the first fishing season and an increasing trend in the second fishing season. Empirical cumulative distribution function test suggested that the optimum oceanic environmental ranges in most fishing months could be the indicators of central fishing ground. But there was no certain form of catch per unit effort along these factors. The studies indicated that, to better understand the variations of anchoveta fishing ground, we should emphasize the annual variation of stock dynamics and other changes in the ocean environment should be emphasized.