In order to better understand the role, distribution, as well as possible sources of trace element in biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean, surface seawater samples were collected from 44 survey stations on the west side of the Prydz Bay (62°S-67°S, 50°E-72°E).The concentration and distribution of trace elements, including As, Cu, Pb and Cd were determined and evaluated by AFS (Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry) and AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry).The results showed that the concentration of As, Cu, Pb, Cd were (3.520±0.184)μg/L, (1.440±0.037)μg/L, (0.250±0.007)μg/L and (0.060±0.128)μg/L. The concentration of trace elements in the surface water of the western side of Prydz Bay was at a low level, and the concentration in this sea area did not change much. Moreover, the correlation and significance of chlorophyll and salinity with copper, cadmium, arsenic and lead were not obvious and varied. In addition, the main source of trace elements on the west side of Prydz Bay was closely related to the melting of snow and ice, the transport of atmospheric particles and trace particles carried by the continent, the increase of human activities and the distribution and uptake of phytoplankton.