In order to study the effects of six metal elements, i.e. Mn, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Co on the color of pearls, Hyriopsis cumingii from the same breeding pond were selected, and the different shell elements were analyzed for dark purple and light purple. The difference between the purple and white pearls cultivated in the white Hyriopsis cumingii was analyzed, and the correlation between the metal element content and Lab color parameters of the pearl was analyzed. The results showed that:the four metal elements of Mn, Mg, Fe, and Co exhibited the highest content in deep purple pearls,the Fe was not detected in the white pearl; Cu was slightly reflected in the pearl with a light purple inner shell; the other groups were not detected. Zn content was not detected in all color pearls. Correlation analysis between the content of metal elements and the color parameters of pearls showed that the Fe content of the pearls in each color group was positively correlated with the dE value (R²>0.83), and the Mg content was negatively correlated with the L value (R²>0.80). The Mn content was positively correlated with the a value (R²>0.64). Only in the dark color group, the negative correlation between the Co content of the pearl and the L value was the highest (R²>0.94). The contents of metal elements in mantle and interstitial fluid of different parts of Hyriopsis cumingii were further compared and analyzed. There were significant differences in the contents of Fe in mantle at different sites in Hyriopsis cumingii group (P<0.05), and the highest in site 1. There were significant differences in the contents of Mn and Co in mantle of site 2 in different groups of Hyriopsis cumingii (P<0.05). The content of Co in the dark purple mussel was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. There was a significant difference in Mg content in the interstitial fluid of the white mussel groups (P<0.05). The color of freshwater purple pearls is correlated with the contents of Fe, Mg, Co, and Mn.