To meet the requirements of eco-civilization construction, it is an urgent demand to enhance fisheries surveillance for better fisheries resource conservation.How to well relocate the fishermen who have quitted fishing owing to the reduction of fishing capacity and the expansion of no-fishing zones has become an important project. This paper analyzes the necessity of fishermen's participation in fisheries surveillance from the theory of public participation in social governance, the actual demand of fisheries management and the relocation demands of fishermen who quit fishing; its feasibility was analyzed from legal grounds, the result of survey on fishermen's will and advantage of fishermen' ability as well as the existing practice. After, analyzing the institutionalization of forest ranger and auxiliary police, in order to promote fishermen's participation in fisheries surveillance, the following suggestions were made:(1) clarify the legal status and responsibilities of fishermen participating in fisheries surveillance; (2)set the number of participants according to the state of water area and fishermen as well as the difficulty of patrol;(3)set a uniform recruitment standard; (4) establish a unified regulatory agency; (5) strengthen pre-job training and on-the-job training; (6) establish review system based on training and work performance; (7) establish a multi-angle supervision system; (8) incorporate part of the funding into the government budget to ensure the stability of investment, and safeguard the basic rights and interests of fishery patrol officers.