Qingcaosha Reservoir has a special geographic location and supplies daily drinking water to the vast majority of citizens in Shanghai. It is especially important to maintain the stability of the water ecosystem and ensure good water quality. From January 2015 to December 2016, the characteristics of crustacean zooplankton community in Qingcaosha Reservoir were investigated, and the redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to explore the relationship between crustacean zooplankton and environmental factors. Thirty-four species of crustacean zooplankton were identified, of which 18 species were Cladocera and 16 species were copepods. In 2016, the species of crustacean zooplankton increased by 6 species compared to 2015. Bosmina longirostris and Sinocalanus dorrii are four-season dominant species in two years. The average biological density and biomass of crustacean zooplankton in 2016 were (8.7 ±9.1) ind/L, (0.598 3 ±0.692 6) mg/L, and (3.1 ±2.7) ind/L and (0.208 3 ±0.244 6) mg/L in 2015, respectively. From the river area through the transition area to the lake area, its biological density and biomass gradually increase. The RDA ordination map shows that water temperature, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and permanganate index have significant impacts on crustacean zooplankton.