According to the data of shrimp obtained from the fishery resources survey conducted in the coastal waters of Zhoushan in November 2015 (autumn) and in May 2016 (spring), the catch was used as the quantitative index of the distribution of shrimp resources. The composition of shrimp species,the temporal and spatial distribution of quantity, the alteration trend of population and the relationship with the environmental factors were studied in this sea area.The research results: (1) 21 species of shrimp were identified in the investigation sea area, belonging to 8 families and 15 genera. The quantity distribution was obvious in spring and autumn, in general,the number in Autumn was greater than that in Spring. (2) There were significant differences between dominant species and common species in different seasons. Compared with the previous survey, small shrimp replaced large shrimp and became dominant species. (3) The temperature at the bottom and salinity had no significant effect on the distribution of shrimp catches in Zhoushan coastal waters. However, according to the analysis of depth classification, shrimp catches showed different variation with water depth. (4) The ABC curve shows that the catch curve and the abundance curve were staggered, indicating that the shrimp community in the survey area was strongly affected by human beings, and was in serious disturbance state, and the ecological sensitivity was high. Therefore, the shrimp biological resources in Zhoushan coastal waters were strongly affected by human activities and the community structure was in obvious succession. The main catch displayed miniaturization and low production trend.