College ideological and political theory course in training students to become builders and successors of the socialist cause plays an irreplaceable role. The key to realizing ideological and political theory course teaching objective lies in the teachers’ teaching quality and the level of continuous improvement. Teachers of ideological and political theory courses are an important strength in college teachers’ team, and the communicators on Marx’s basic theory, and the guide for healthy growth of college students. But in the new situation, on the influence of various factors, teacher’s professional identity faces unknown challenge. Strengthening ideological and political theory teachers’ professional identity construction is of great significance.To sum up, the influencing factors on teacher’s professional identity effect, are the social, discipline, school and individual teachers in four aspects.To enhance ideological and political theory course teachers’ professional identity, we must create a favourable social environment for professional identity, further strengthening the teachers’ discipline consciousness, establishing a scientific and reasonable evaluation and incentive mechanism, and strengthening the teachers’ internal power of professional identity.