Gammaproteobacteria were the dominant species playing different ecological roles in kelp beds and mussel farms. In order to demonstrate whether the environmental conditions were different in these areas, it was applied to study the relationship between heterotrophic bacterioplankton and environmental parameters during spring in the area of Gouqi Island. The results showed that abundance of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in the area of KS_X, MS_X and S_X were 1.6×10⁸cells/L, 1.21×10⁸cells/L and 1.56×10⁸cells/L separately. Horizontal distribution of heterotrophic bacterioplankton was that abundance in KS_X was highest and 1.33 fold of number in MS_X which was lower than in that S_X. Heterotrophic bacterioplankton was positively correlated with chlorophyll a in KS_X. It was limited positively by ammonium in KS_X, because of algae depending on nitrate and the advantages of bacterioplankton absorbing nutrient and competing with phytoplankton; number of bacterioplankton was negatively influenced by ammionium and positively influenced by dissolved organic carbon in S_X. Therefore, Chlorophyll a and ammonium and dissolved organ carbon were the key limiting parameters of heterotrophic bacterioplankton during spring around kelp bed area of Gouqi Island.