Effect of polyβ-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on survival and growth of Artemia was investigated. Various levels of PHB concentration (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L, respectively) and different enrichment periods (24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively) were applied during Artemia enrichment in two separate trials. PHB suspension was prepared with ultrasonicator to make the particle size smaller (ranging from 10 to 50 μm) and fed to the newlyhatched Artemia nauplii according to the designed concentration. The initial density of Artemia nauplii was 100 ind/200 mL. The results showed that survival of Artemia enriched with 100 mg/L PHB for 24 h was significantly higher than that of other treatments, which was reduced remarkably when Artemia were enriched with other PHB concentrations and longer periods (48 h and 72 h) (P<0.05). And the 72 hgrowth of Artemia enriched with 100 mg/L PHB was also significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The result of quantitative determination indicated that, within 24 h enrichment, PHB content in Artemia increased along with enrichment time and reached the highest at 24 h, accounting for 10.73% of Artemia dry weight. In conclusion, we proposed that PHB can be applied efficiently in larviculture through Artemia enrichment at a level of 100 mg/L PHB for 24 h.