The comparative study was finished through collecting the annual specimens on resource status of freshwater mussel in Qinglan Lake and Junshan Lake—the two satellite lakes of different usage in Poyang Lake area. Qinglan Lake is a natural lake with area of 15 km² and Junshan Lake is a proliferative lake with area of 213 km². The results indicated that there were 35 species belonging to 11 genera in Qinglan Lake and 16 species belonging to 9 genera in Junshan Lake. The dominant species were Unio douglasiae, Lamprotula caveata and Acuticosta chinensis in Qinglan Lake, and yet Unio douglasiae and Lamprotula caveata in Junshan Lake, and the number of species belonging to each genus of the specimen in the two lakes was more different. The density and biomass of freshwater mussel in Qinglan Lake obviously exceeded those in Junshan Lake, being 0.57 ind/m² and 15.94 g/m² in the former and 0.19 ind/m² and 0.77 g/m² in the latter respectively. Both the density and biomass of Solenaia in the two lakes were zero, but the biomass of the other genera in Qinglan Lake obviously exceeded that in Junshan Lake; and the density of the other genera in Qinglan Lake obviously exceeded that in Junshan Lake besides Cuneopsis and Arconaia. Between the density and biomass of freshwater mussel in the two lakes existed very conspicuous direct correlativity. The community similarity coefficient between the two lakes is 41.67. The area of Qinglan Lake as natural lake is more diminutive than that of Junshan Lake as proliferative lake, but the resources on freshwater mussel in Qinglan Lake were more abundant than those in Junshan lake, and it explained that artificial proliferating had major influence on resources of freshwater mussel in Junshan Lake.