Cephalopod belongs to an important economic mollusk and also plays an important role in the marine ecological system.Its exploitation and utilization have been recognized in the world.In this paper,the current study about the population identification method for cephalopod has been discussed from the aspects of morphology,ecology,biochemistry and molecular genetics in details,the results show that the great progress has been made in the world.The traditional methods such as morphology and ecology have provided basic tools for identifying the cephalopod structure,in which the way based on statolith aging has become important.However,the application of biochemistry and molecular genetics has provided for the new ways.The results also indicate that the population identification for cephalopod may be combined with its basic biology,especially in taxology,history and migration.