摘要
omd基因编码骨调蛋白,可以调控人类骨骼的矿化。目前关于omd基因对鱼类骨骼矿化的作用尚不清楚。为了探究omd基因对鱼类骨骼的影响,调查了omd基因在斑马鱼不同发育阶段和不同组织的表达,并利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术,成功构建斑马鱼omd基因突变体(om
鱼类的骨骼主要由暴露在鱼体外的外骨骼和埋藏于皮下的内骨骼组
Osteomodulin (OMD)是一种骨黏附素的异源蛋白,最初是从牛长骨中分离出来的硫酸盐角质素蛋白聚糖,是富含亮氨酸重复蛋白多糖家族的成员,参与矿化作
本文利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术构建了斑马鱼omd基因纯合敲除型om
在斑马鱼omd基因编码区设计探针引物,在下游引物前加上T7启动子。以30 dpf(受精后第30天)的野生型斑马鱼cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,PCR产物纯化后体外转录,合成原位杂交所需要的探针(
| 引物名称 Primer | 引物序列 Sequence | 用途 Usage | 退火温度 Tm/℃ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Target-omd | taatacgactcactataGGCCGACC | 敲除靶点 | 60 |
| AAAAAAGCCCGGgttttagagctagaa | |||
| Oligo2 | AAAAGCACCGACTCGGTGCCACT | ||
| TTTTCAAGTTGATAACGGACTAGCC | 合成gRNA | 60 | |
| TTATTTTAACTTGCTATTTCTAGCTCT | |||
| AAAAC | |||
| omd-GT-F | TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGTCAACCAACA | 靶点验证 | 55 |
| AGGAATGGAAG | |||
| omd-GT-R | GTGTCTTCTACTACGCTTACAGATGTTTC | 靶点验证 | 55 |
| omd-F2 | ACTTGGCCTCCGAGAGAGAT | PCR | 60 |
| omd-R2 | GCGAAGGGATAAGACGAGGG | PCR | 60 |
| elf-F | CTTCTCAGGCTGACTGTG | 内参 | 60 |
| elf-R | CTTCTCAGGCTGACTGTGC | 内参 | 60 |
| omd1-F | GGCTTCACTGAGGTCACCGA | 探针合成 | 62 |
| omd1-T7R | TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGGTGG | ||
| TCGCAATACATGGCG | 探针合成 | 62 |
利用原位杂交固定液(4% PFA多聚甲醛溶液)固定3月龄野生型斑马鱼,取斑马鱼尾部,进行脱水、石蜡包埋和石蜡切片。切片经二甲苯脱蜡、梯度乙醇复水后进行原位杂交。首先使用1 000 μg/mL蛋白酶K在37 ℃培养箱中孵育10 min,再用1 mol/L甘氨酸在37 ℃培养箱中处理10 min,然后置于预杂交液中,60 ℃孵育 3 h,后换成加入含有 0.1 ng/μL探针的杂交液,60 ℃杂交过夜。使用去离子甲酰胺和SSC清洗后,于5% 山羊血清中室温下封闭1 h。封闭结束后,按体积比1∶500的比例加入地高辛抗体,在4 ℃冰箱过夜。用PBST(磷酸盐吐温缓冲液)清洗3次,每次10 min,然后用iF488显色液显色,最后使用DAPI染料标记细胞核,采用共聚焦显微镜(Nikon)拍照观
分别提取50枚1 dpf的胚胎和50尾5、10、15、20、25、30、35和45 dpf仔鱼的总RNA。成体斑马鱼不同组织的总RNA提取,选用3月龄的野生型斑马鱼15尾,分别取心脏、皮肤、脊柱、肌肉、鳔、背鳍、眼睛、卵巢、精巢、肠道和脑。比较omd基因在野生型斑马鱼和om
利用逆转录试剂盒(R323-01-AA,诺唯赞)将1 μg总RNA反转成cDNA。荧光定量RT-qPCR设置3个重复,采用20 μL的体系,利用BIO-RED QPCR仪器,以elf作为内参基因(所用引物elf-F,elf-R),对omd基因进行相对定量(所用引物omd-F2,omd-R2)。相对表达量采用2法进行计算,使用Prism 6处理数据制作柱状统计图并且分析差异显著
参考文献[
选取3月龄的om
参考茜苏红钙着色
对3月龄的野生型斑马鱼和om
选取3月龄的野生型斑马鱼和om
选取3月龄的野生型和om
RT-qPCR结果显示,在斑马鱼早期发育过程中1 dpf到15 dpf表达量较低,与20 dpf相比较15 dpf上升大约5倍,omd基因的mRNA表达水平整体呈上升趋势(

图1 omd基因在斑马鱼早期发育阶段和成体不同组织的表达
Fig.1 omd gene expression in different tissues during early developmental stages and adult zebrafish
omd基因在斑马鱼早期发育阶段(a)和在成体不同组织(b)的相对表达量;(a)以1 dpf为参照进行比较计算;(b)以背鳍为参照进行比较计算;****P < 0.000 1,***P < 0.001,ns代表无显著性差异。
Relative expression of omd genes in zebrafish at early developmental stages (a) and in different tissues of the adult (b); In (a) figure, 1dpf was used as the reference for comparative calculations, and in (b) figure, the dorsal fin was used as the reference for comparative calculations; ****P < 0.000 1,***P < 0.001,"ns" represents no significant difference.
omd基因在皮肤、肌肉和脊柱中大量表达,其中在皮肤中表达最高,在皮肤中的表达量是背鳍的37倍,在肌肉中的表达量是背鳍的34倍,在脊柱中表达量是背鳍的23倍。omd基因在眼睛、鳔、肠道、脑、心脏、精巢以及卵巢中几乎不表达(
RNA荧光原位杂交显示, omd mRNA探针在红肌和脊柱中有很强的信号,在白肌中的信号相对较低。将肌肉和脊柱切片部位进行40倍放大,与对照图相比,iF488标记omd mRNA探针在红肌和脊柱(主要是髓弓小骨、脉弓小骨)中有很强的信号(

图版Ⅰ omd基因的荧光原位杂交
Plate Ⅰ Fluorescence in situ hybridization for the omd gene
斑马鱼整体纵向切片中,iF488为FITC通路标记omd基因的定位表达, DAPI标记细胞核的定位表达,以正义链为对照组;1-4图是共聚焦放大图,比例尺250 μm;5-8、9-12、13-16、17-20分别为对应白色方框的髓弓、椎体、脉弓和红肌的共聚焦40倍放大图,比例尺:50 μm。白色方框代表放大的区域。
In the whole zebrafish longitudinal section, iF488 was the localization expression of FITC-labeled omd gene, DAPI was the localization expression of the nucleus, and the sense strand was used as the control group. Numbers 1-4 are confocal magnifications with scale bars of 250 μm; Numbers 5-8, 9-12, 13-16, and 17-20 are confocal 40× magnification images of the medullary arch, vertebral body, pulse arch, and red muscle corresponding to the white box, respectively; scale bar: 50 μm. The white box represents the enlarged area.
sgRNA的靶点位于omd基因的第3个外显子上(

图2 利用CRISPR/Cas9建立om
Fig.2 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated om
(a) omd基因的敲除靶点,与野生型斑马鱼的基因和蛋白相比较敲除型的斑马鱼基因缺失11 bp以及蛋白表达终止;(b)1号是野生型308 bp,2号是敲除靶点E3的结果为有效敲除;(c)野生型和om
(a) Figure shows the omd gene knockout target, compared with the wild-type zebrafish gene and protein, the knockout zebrafish gene deletion 11 bp and protein expression termination; number 1 of (b) figure is wild-type 308 bp, and number 2 of (b) figure is effective knockout of E3; (c) Figure shows wild-type and om
对3月龄的野生型和om


(a) 1号和4号分别是野生型斑马鱼和om
(b) 野生型斑马鱼和om
(c) 野生型斑马鱼和om
图版Ⅱ 野生型斑马鱼和om
Plate Ⅱ Muscle comparison of wild-type zebrafish and om
Numbers1 and 4 of (a) figure are the longitudinal slices of wild-type and om
通过茜苏红钙着色法分别对20 dpf、30 dpf、2月龄、3月龄的om

图版Ⅲ 不同阶段野生型斑马鱼和om
Plate Ⅲ Bone staining of wild-type zebrafish and om
(a) 1号和3号是20 dpf的野生型斑马鱼和om
Numbers 1 and 3 of (a) figure show the whole body of 20 dpf wild-type and om
为了明确钙含量的变化是否与骨骼形态有关,对脊柱、尾杆骨、鳞片、鳍的选定位置的骨骼形态进行测定。结果显示,野生型斑马鱼脊柱选定部位的横向平均长度为821.34 μm,om

图版 Ⅳ 野生型斑马鱼和om
Plate Ⅳ Skeletal morphometry in different parts of wild-type and om
(a) 1号和3号是20 dpf的野生型斑马鱼和om
(a)脊柱、尾杆骨、鳞片、鳍的选定测量位置示意图;(b)脊柱选定部位横向平均长度;(c)脊柱选定部位纵向平均长度;(d)鳞片选定部位的平均周长;(e)背鳍选定部位的平均周长;(f)尾杆骨选定部位的平均周长。比例尺:200 μm。"ns"代表无显著性差异。
;(a)Figure shows a schematic of the selected measurement positions of vertebral column, tail rod bone, scales, and fins;(b) Figure shows the average transverse length of the selected part of the vertebral column. (c) Figure shows average longitudinal length of selected parts of vertebral column; (d) Figure shows average circumference of selected parts of the scale; (e) Figure shows average circumference of selected parts of the dorsal fin; (f) Figure shows average circumference of the selected part of the tail rod bone. The scale bar is 200 μm. "ns" represents no significant difference.
为了更加精确地测定野生型和om

图版Ⅴ 野生型斑马鱼和om
Plate Ⅴ Determination of calcium content in different parts of wild-type zebrafish and om
(a)图中1号的红色星号是选取测定的部位, (a)图中2号是斑马鱼的脊柱和尾杆骨的放大图, (a)图中3号是斑马鱼的选取的鳞片放大图,(a)图中4号是斑马鱼的背鳍放大图;(b)测量斑马鱼钙含量的Agligent icpms固体元素分析仪;(c)斑马鱼脊柱选定部位平均钙含量统计结果;(d)斑马鱼尾杆骨选定部位平均钙含量统计结果;(e)斑马鱼背鳍选定部位平均钙含量统计结果;(f)斑马鱼鳞片选定部位平均钙含量统计结果。比例尺为200 μm。红色星号代表选定测量钙含量的点; **P < 0.01,"ns"代表无显著性差异。
The red asterisk in number 1 of (a) figure is the selected part. Number 2 of (a)figure is the magnified view of the vertebral column and tail rod bone of zebrafish. Number 3 of (a) figure is the magnified view of the selected scales of zebrafish. Number 4 of (a) figure is the magnified view of the dorsal fin of zebrafish. (b) figure shows the Agligent icpms solid element analyzer measuring the calcium content of zebrafish. (c)Figure shows the average calcium content of selected parts of the zebrafish vertebral column; (d) Figure shows the statistical results of average calcium content in selected parts of zebrafish tail rod bone; (e)Figure shows the average calcium content of selected parts of zebrafish dorsal fin; (f) Figure shows the statistical results of average calcium content in selected parts of zebrafish scales. The scale bar is 200 μm.The red asterisk represents the point where the calcium content was selected for measurement; **P < 0.01, "ns" represents no significant difference.
通过对斑马鱼的游泳能力进行测试,发现与野生型斑马鱼相比om

图3 3月龄的野生型斑马鱼和 om
Fig.3 Wild-type zebrafish and om
(a)野生型斑马鱼WT和om
(a)Figure shows the average swimming distance statistics of wild-type and om
本文首次在斑马鱼中调查了omd基因的表达情况,发现omd基因在斑马鱼体内随着发育时间的增加表达量也不断增加。LIN等发现omd基因在骨细胞不断分化的过程中表达量上
本文研究发现omd基因在脊柱中大量表达,与野生型斑马鱼相比,omd基因的敲除对斑马鱼整个发育过程的脊柱矿化程度均有影响,om
通过RT-qPCR结果显示omd基因在斑马鱼肌肉中表达量较高,但是与野生型斑马鱼相比om
通过RT-qPCR结果显示omd基因在皮肤中大量表达,可能是因为皮肤中含有大量鳞片,但本文研究发现,om
与野生型斑马鱼的游泳能力相比较,om
综上所述 ,本文研究了omd基因在斑马鱼体内的时空表达情况,明确了omd基因随着斑马鱼发育,骨细胞数目的增多表达量增加,在皮肤、肌肉和脊柱中大量表达。在斑马鱼中构建了om
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