The aquaculture net cage is an important farming equipment that enhances the efficiency of marine area utilization, promotes the sustainable development of fisheries, and provides abundant and high-quality aquatic products. Mooring system is the key to ensure the safe and stable operation of aquaculture cages. This paper systematically summarizes the research status of structural design, theoretical analysis, hydrodynamic simulation and prototype test of cage mooring system. The structure and combination of mooring system for aquaculture cages are summarized. The performance of taut mooring system, catenary mooring system, single-point mooring system, multiple-points mooring system and grid mooring system are compared and analysed from perspectives of anchor cable tension requirements, positioning accuracy, load capacity, fatigue life, cage movement, anchor cable stress, pool experiments, and marine measurements. The design framework of aquaculture cage mooring system is formed. The research results provide theoretical and technical reference for the design and optimization of aquaculture cage mooring system, and point out the future development direction.