Small pelagic fish are important fishery resources in the Northwest Pacific, and their resource fluctuations can have a significant impact on the structure and function of the marine ecosystem. In order to understand their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and resource status, this study is based on the 2023 acoustic survey data, combined trawl sampling to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of small pelagic fish resources in the Northwest Pacific in summer 2023. The results showed that trawl catch species mainly included European pilchard （Sardina pilchardus）, Japanese anchovies （Engraulis japonicus）,Chub mackerels （Scomber japonicus）, Australian mackerels （Scomber australasicus）, and lanternfish （Myctophidae）with average resource densities of 166.82 t/n mile², 0.078 t/n mile², 18.13 t/n mile², 2.76 t/n mile²and 0.769 t/n mile², respectively.The study showed that small pelagic fish exhibited higher resource densities in low-latitude waters, primarily at the confluence of the Kuroshio Current and Oyashio Current. Vertically, they were mostly concentrated in the 10-50 m water layer. The nautical area scattering coefficient in night was significantly higher than daytime （P<0.001）.This research provides valuable scientific insights for sustainable development and management strategies for small pelagic fish resources in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.