To cope with the increasing decline of offshore fishery resources and to provide essential information for spatial-based fishery management， in this study， the spatial distribution and influencing factors of Larimichthys polyactis in the southern waters of Jiangsu Province were examined using an ensemble species distribution model （ESDM） based on the survey conducted during spring and autumn in 2019-2022. Five biotic and abiotic factors were selected to analyze the distribution characteristics of L. polyactis and its relationship with influencing factors. Results showed that the ensemble species distribution model had higher AUC （spring： 0.995±0.002； autumn： 0.985±0.001） and TSS （spring： 0.935±0.038； autumn： 0.903±0.029） values than those in single species distribution models. Sea bottom temperature （0.40） and sea bottom salinity （0.38） had the highest importance levels in spring， while chlorophyll a and prey had greater influences on the spatial distribution of L. polyactis in autumn with importance levels of 0.53 and 0.46. L. polyactis were mainly distributed in coastal areas in spring with a strip-like distribution； while in autumn， L. polyactis were mainly distributed in the offshore areas， with suitable habitat mostly distributed in the areas of 32.5°N-33.6°N， 122°E-122.5°E with a block-like distribution， and the area of suitable area is larger than that in spring. Furthermore， the distribution of L. polyactis showed obvious interannual differences. For example， the range of suitable habitat for L. polyactis in 2021 was prominently smaller than that in other years and the range of distribution was also limited. The study showed that the ESDM had better performance and could better reflect the spatial distribution and influencing factors of L. polyactis； the suitable areas and influencing factors for L. polyactis varied from season to season. This study can provide a theoretical basis for revealing the spatio-temporal distribution and changing law of L. polyactis in this area， and provide basic information for the implementation of space-based fishery management and optimization of marine protected areas （MPAs）.