To gain a comprehensive understanding of the distribution patterns and physical mechanisms of tidal currents in the adjacent area of Sri Lanka， this study utilized the Finite-volume community ocean model （FVCOM） to establish a detailed three-dimensional barotropic tidal dynamics model. The model was used to simulate and analyze the tidal characteristics of the four major tidal constituents （M₂， S₂， K₁， O₁） within the study area. By comparing the numerical simulation results with tidal gauge data and satellite altimeter harmonic constants， the model's reliability and the feasibility of the simulation scheme were confirmed. Based on the computational results， distribution maps of tides， tidal currents， and tidal energy fluxes for the four major tidal constituents in the adjacent area of Sri Lanka were produced. The study also explored the influence of tidal generating forces on tidal distribution and compared the structural differences between semidiurnal and diurnal tidal systems. The results indicate that the study area is predominantly characterized by regular and irregular semidiurnal tides， with significant contributions from tidal generating forces to the diurnal tides. Systematic differences were observed between semidiurnal and diurnal tides： semidiurnal tides form two counter-rotating tidal wave systems， while diurnal tides form a single counterclockwise tidal wave system； semidiurnal tidal currents are primarily rotational， whereas diurnal tidal currents exhibit reciprocating flow patterns. The mean tidal energy flux showed a distribution trend of higher values in the west and lower values in the east， with semidiurnal tidal energy concentrated on the east and west sides of the Maldives reefs and diurnal tidal energy concentrated near the equator. This study enhances the understanding of tidal characteristics in the Sri Lankan area and， for the first time， examines the impact of tidal generating forceson tidal distribution in this region.