Ultra-large aquaculture vessel is a new direction for the development of deep-sea aquaculture industry. With a new anchoring system, it can be used to reduce environmental pollution, improve the quality of aquatic products, avoid the attack of natural disasters such as typhoons, and solve the problem of unsustainable development of traditional aquaculture industry. The mooring system of aquaculture vessel is not only different from the temporary mooring system of transport ship, but also different from the positioning mooring system of ocean engineering, and is closely related to the operation safety and cost control of aquaculture vessel. Therefore, the design and optimization analysis of the mooring system of ultra-large aquaculture vessel is very necessary and important. Based on the project of 300 000 t large aquaculture vessel, the design and optimization of single point anchoring system were carried out. WRF model and 3DVAR system were used to simulate the wind field, and the wind field models were used to simulate the annual maximum wind speed of the anchorage area in a 30-year series. Wind speed extremes in different recurrence periods were calculated based on Weibull type distribution, and wind field models were used to forecast waves for 30 years. FVCOM model was used to analyze the current. The time-domain analysis of hull and mooring system was carried out with the help of Orcaflex software, and the mooring system analysis of aquaculture vessel was carried out with the input of wave simulation results. The appropriate anchor chain parameters were obtained by theoretical calculation. The results show that： For the 300 000 t aquaculture vessel, the grade-3 anchor chains with 122 mm diameter and 440 m length meet requirements of mooring under level 6 sea conditions, and the safety factor of anchor chain tension is greater than 1.67, which is safe and feasible. It provides a reference for the design of the single mooring system of ultra-large aquaculture vessel.