Low-temperature storage of biological samples has become an essential aspect of various fields, including biomedical research, clinical diagnosis, and pharmaceutical development. It involves the preservation of biological samples in a controlled environment to maintain their integrity, quality and functionality. The success of these applications relies heavily on the use of appropriate refrigeration technologies that can provide the necessary temperature and humidity conditions for long-term storage. Therefore, this article analyzes the low-temperature characteristics of biological samples, and combines domestic and foreign literature to review the current application status of refrigeration technology in biological sample storage from four temperature zones： cold storage, freezing, low-temperature, and ultra-low temperature.The advantages and disadvantages of various refrigeration technologies are compared, and the optimal refrigeration technology in the same temperature zone is summarized. Finally, the bottleneck problems of equipment that restrict low-temperature storage of biological samples are discussed and the future development direction of refrigeration technology for low-temperature storage of biological samples is proposed. Aiming to provide a certain reference for the development of refrigeration technology in the biomedical field.