In order to explore the differences of biochemical and physical properties of Aristichthys nobilis muscle in different operation and management modes and different reservoirs, the biochemical characteristics such as fat, protein, amino acid, fatty acid and physical properties such as texture of two-year-old bighead carp muscle in Qingcaosha Reservoir, Chenhang Reservoir and Jinze Reservoir were analyzed by conventional biochemical analysis and histological characteristics analysis. The results showed that the crude protein content of bighead carp muscle was between 18.11% and 19.38%, and the crude ash content was between 1.27% and 1.34%, without significant difference among the three reservoirs. The pH value （6.45%） and moisture content （80.69%） of bighead carp muscle in Qingcaosha Reservoir were significantly higher than those in Chenhang Reservoir （6.27%, 78.43%） and Jinze Reservoir （6.24%,79.28%）. The crude fat content of bighead carp in Jinze Reservoir （1.31%） was significantly higher than that in Qingcaosha Reservoir （0.93%） and Chenhang Reservoir （0.91%）. There were 17 kinds of amino acids and fatty acids detected in the muscle of bighead carp in the three reservoirs. The contents of total SFA （14.15%） and MUFA （40.87%） in the muscle of bighead carp in Jinze Reservoir were significantly higher than those in Qingcaosha Reservoir （12.93%,30.29%） and Chenhang Reservoir （11.18%,29.64%）. The contents of total PUFA in Qingcaosha Reservoir（56.79%） and Chenhang Reservoir （59.24%） were significantly higher than those in Jinze Reservoir （44.88%）. The texture indexes such as hardness, elasticity and cohesiveness were significantly different, except for adhesion. The number and length of muscle cells of bighead carp in Jinze Reservoir were significantly lower than those in Qingcaosha Reservoir and Chenhang Reservoir. The results showed that different reservoir environments had no significant difference in crude protein and crude ash content of bighead carp muscle, but had significant difference in fat content and histological characteristics of muscle fiber. The muscle of bighead carp in the three reservoirs was a high-quality protein source, and the nutritional value of bighead carp muscle in Chenhang Reservoir was higher.