In order to understand the structural characteristics of nekton community near Wailingding marine ranching area， a comprehensive survey of resources and environment was carried out in the spring and autumn of 2020， and the composition of nekton， dominant species， catch rate and community structure characteristics were analyzed，and a nekton community structure data matrix was constructed to analyze the influence relationship between nekton community structure and environmental factors.A total of 73 species of nektons were collected， belonging to 12 orders and 30 families and 49 genera， the largest number of fish with 47 species， 10 species of shrimps， 9 species of crabs， 4 species of cephalopods， and 3 species of mantis shrimps.Index of relative importance （IRI） results shows that there are four dominant species with IRI＞1 000， namely Pampus argenteus， Thrissa kammalensis， Loligo beka and Leiognathus ruconius，among which Pampus argenteus and Thrissa kammalensis were the common dominant species in both seasons. The results of Margalef index （D'）， Shannon-Wiener index （H'） and Pielou index （J'）showed that spring was higher than autumn， one-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） showed that H' and J' were significantly different in different seasons， however D'was no significant seasonal difference. Similarity of percentage （SIMPER） revealed that the species with the highest contribution in spring was Thrissa kammalensis， and the highest contribution in autumn was Ilisha indica，the average dissimilarity was up to 78.64% and the cumulative contribution rate of anisotropy was 42.72%. Redundancy analysis （RDA） shows that chlorophyll a， water mass and petroleum are the main environmental factors that affect the community structure in Wailingding marine ranching area.The study shows that the high-density area of catch mainly appears in the coastal waters of islands and reefs，and the community composition of swimming organisms is obviously different in different seasons， which may be related to the law of life history， the fishing moratorium policy and the influence of key environmental factors in the area.The result can provide basic data and theoretical reference for scientifically and reasonably understanding the characteristics of nekton community in the construction area of marine ranching， guiding and evaluating the ecological restoration effect of marine ranching.