Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP) is a common gram-negative bacterium, mainly distributed in marine, estuary and estuarine sediments, which can cause acute gastroenteritis, wound infection and sepsis in humans, and endanger aquatic product aquaculture. Food poisoning incidents caused by this bacterium occur frequently all over the world, and this bacterium is considered to be one of the main pathogens of microbial food poisoning. The virulence factors that affect the pathogenicity of VP include hemolysin, adhesion factor, secretion system, etc., especially in the secretion systems, Type Ⅲ Secretion Systems (T3SS) and Type Ⅵ Secretion Systems (T6SS). It is closely related to the pathogenicity of VP. T3SS is a multi-subunit needle-like structure that injects secreted proteins directly into the recipient cytoplasm through the donor cytoplasm; T6SS is a contact-dependent protein secretion apparatus that injects toxins directly into target cells. By sorting out the research progress of T3SS and T6SS, starting from the structure of these two secretion systems, and analyzing and comparing their functions and regulatory mechanisms, it was pointed out that the two are involved in effector proteins and regulatory mechanisms. The difference in the production of toxins, the relationship between the two and the colonization of VP were found out, in order to further understand the pathogenic mechanism of VP through the connection between the two, and provide scientific guidance for the prevention and treatment of the bacteria.