长江中下游5头死亡长江江豚POPs含量分析

doi:10.12024/jsou.20210503459

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摘要:

为了掌握长江下游长江江豚(Neophoc aena asiaeorient alis asiaeorientalis)体内持久性有机污染物(Persistent organic pollutants,POPs)的累积情况,采用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对5头野外死亡长江江豚的心、肾、肺、肝、肌肉、皮肤、脂肪、胃和肠等9种器官组织中的六氯环己烷 (HCH)、滴滴涕(DDT)和多氯联苯(PCBs)含量进行了测定分析。结果显示,HCH、DDT和PCBs在各样本组织中总体变化范围分别为ND~0.31μg/g、ND~19.57μg/g和ND~1.23 μg/g。HCH在脂肪中含量最高,肾中含量最低,DDT在皮肤中含量最高,肠中含量最低,PCBs在皮肤中含量最高,肺中含量最低;三者在雄性样本体内的平均含量均大于雌性,在不同年龄组样本中无相关关系,DDT和PCBs在长江下游组样本含量大于鄱阳湖组,而HCH则相反。研究表明,长江江豚各组织持久性有机污染物累积特征与其生理特征及生活环境差异有一定相关性。本研究结果可为了解长江下游长江江豚体内POPs的累积情况,及今后开展长江江豚死因分析、个体溯源及栖息地评价提供研究素材。

关键词:长江下游;长江江豚;POPs;含量比较

Abstract:

To figure out the concentration of POPs(Persistent organic pollutants) in Yangtze Finless porpoise,Neophocaena asiaeorientalis, in the lower Yangtze River, we used gas chromatography mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) to check the concentration of Hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCH)、Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroe-thanes(DDT)and Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in heart, kidney, lung, liver, muscle, skin, fat, stomach and intestine sampled from 5 Yangtze Finless porpoised dead in wild.The results showed that the overall variation ranges of HCH, DDT and PCBs were ND-0.31 μg/g, ND-19.57 μg/g and ND-1.23 μg/g, respectively.HCH was the highest in fat and the lowest in kidney, DDT was the highest in skin and the lowest in intestine, PCBs was the highest in skin, and the lowest in lung.Their average levels were higher in males than in females, and there was no correlation between different age groups.The average contents of DDT and PCBs in Yangtze River group were higher than those in the Poyang Lake group, while the average contents of HCH in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River group were opposite.Research shows that the accumulation characteristics of POPs in the Yangtze finless porpoise is related to their physiological characteristics and living environment, therefore this study could provide research material for understanding accumulation of POPs of the Yangtze finless porpoise in the downstream of Yangtze River and identifying the cause of death in the Yangtze finless porpoise, individual traceability and habitat evaluation in the future.

Key words:the lower reaches of the Yangtze River;Yangtze finless porpoise;POPs;content comparison

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