Pelagic squid jigging fishery is an important component of China's pelagic fishery. For the sustainable and high-quality development of China's pelagic squid jigging fishery, this paper established its social-ecosystem vulnerability index system from three aspects-climate and environment, species, and social economy, based on the theory of vulnerability. The DEMATEL-ISM-MICMAC (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory-Interpretive Structure Modeling-Matriced Impacts Corises-multiplcation Appliance Classement) method was used to analyze the relationship between indicators and the structure of the index system. The results show that: The vulnerability indicators of China's pelagic squid jigging fishery are linked, among which the most important are fishery resources, fishing intensity, scientific and technological investment, and policy and management; All indicators can be divided into five categories according to their roles: related factors, adjustment factors, driving factors, dependence factors and autonomous factors,among which the first three categories should be paid more attention to;Moreover, apart from fishery resources, the vulnerability system can be divided into four levels: essential causes L4, deep causes L3, transition causes L2 and neighbor causes L1. Long-term monitoring of L3 and L4 indicators, attention to L2 and L3 indicators, and targeted adjustment of L1 indicators are effective ways to maintain the long-term healthy development of pelagic squid jigging fishery in China.This study can not only identify the key factors that affect the vulnerability of pelagic squid jigging fishery and provide theoretical guidance for effective management, but also lay a foundation for the empirical assessment of vulnerability.