In order to study the effects of temperature on the growth and reproductive performance of Macrobrachium nipponense from zoea to postlarvae, the newly hatched zoea were cultured at a constant water temperature of 21 ℃, 26 ℃ or 31 ℃ under laboratory conditions respectively for 90 d.The results showed that the ontogeny rate of individual increased with the increase of temperature. The time required for the complete metamorphosis of zoea at 21 ℃, 26 ℃ and 31 ℃ into postlarvae were (54.7±1.5) d, (24.0±1.0) d and (19.3±0.6) d, respectively; The water temperature does not affect and the survival rate of zoea, but affects the survival rate of zoea metamorphosed into postlarvae, and the survival rate of zoea metamorphosed into postlarvae of 21 ℃ group was significantly lower than that of 26 ℃ group and 31 ℃ group (P<0.05); Temperature affects the gonadal development of M. nipponense. During the 90d test period, there were no ovarian individuals in the 21 ℃ group, the first sexually mature individuals in the 31 ℃ group, and time of first berried female appeared on(55.7±5.5) d, which was about 17 d earlier than that at 26 ℃; The amount of berried eggs per female for the first time in the 26 ℃ group was significantly higher than that in the 31 ℃ group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in relative fecundity between the two groups (P>0.05). At the end of the experiment, the largest body length and body mass of M. nipponense appeared in the 26 ℃ group, which was significantly higher than that in the 21 ℃ group (P<0.05). This study suggests that temperature affects the growth and development of M. nipponense, but does not change its relative fecundity, and high temperature will promote the miniaturization of sexually mature individuals.