The investigation on the functional groups of macroinvertebrate was carried out at 12 sites in the stream of southern mountainous area of Jinan City in September 2019. The feeding evenness index (j_FD) was used to assess the ecosystem health of the stream of southern mountainous area of Jinan city. The results showed that the gather-collectors with relative abundance of 56.9% was the most dominant group among the functional groups of macroinvertebrates in this area, followed by filter feeders with relative abundance of 35.4%; the dominant groups were mainly Baetis sp., Ceratopsyche sp., Chironomus sp., Bellamya purificata, Macronychus sp. and Tanypus sp.. The j_FD value indicated that the overall ecosystem health in the stream of southern mountainous area of Jinan city was in poor condition. The regression analysis showed that there was a good correlation between j_FD and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the relative abundance of the functional feeding groups was closely related to the total phosphorus, while the community structure of macroinvertebrate was closely related to the pH.