饲料中维生素D<sub>3</sub>含量对大口黑鲈生长和抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.12024/jsou.20191202885

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摘要:

为了探究饲料中维生素D₃的含量对大口黑鲈（Micropterus salmoides）生长性能、钙磷代谢、肝脏抗氧化能力、血清生化指标和机体抗感染能力的影响，在基础饲料中分别添加0、15、30、45和60 IU/kg的维生素D₃，设置5种维生素D₃含量分别为1 370、1 385、1 400、1 415和1 430 IU/kg的等氮等能饲料，饲养初始体质量为（14.19±0.05）g的大口黑鲈9周。结果表明：饲料中不同含量的维生素D₃显著影响大口黑鲈的增重率、特定生长率和饲料系数，对存活率、肥满度和脏体比没有显著影响，添加维生素D₃会显著降低大口黑鲈肝体比；随着饲料中维生素D₃含量的升高，大口黑鲈脊椎骨中粗灰分、钙和磷的含量以及血清中钙离子含量呈增加趋势，但对肌肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分和水分的含量没有显著影响。饲料中添加维生素D₃可以显著提高大口黑鲈肝脏中总超氧化物歧化酶活力、过氧化氢酶活力和总抗氧化能力，显著降低血清中谷草转氨酶活力；机体对嗜水气单胞菌的抗感染能力也随着饲料中维生素D₃含量的升高而增强。综上可知，饲料中维生素D₃含量在1 370~1 430 IU/kg时，对大口黑鲈具有促进生长和保护健康的作用。

关键词:大口黑鲈;维生素D₃;生长;抗氧化能力;抗感染

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of vitamin D₃ content in the feed on growth performance, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, liver antioxidant capacity, serum biochemical indexes and anti-infection ability of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, 0 IU/kg, 15 IU/kg, 30 IU/kg, 45 IU/kg and 60 IU/kg vitamin D₃ were added to the basic feed respectively. Five kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets feeds with vitamin D₃ contents of 1 370 IU/kg, 1 385 IU/kg, 1 400 IU/kg, 1 415 IU/kg and 1 430 IU/kg were set up. The largemouth bass with an initial body mass of (14.19±0.05)g was reared for nine weeks. The results showed that different levels of vitamin D₃ in the feed significantly affected the mass gain rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate of largemouth bass, but had no significant effect on survival rate, condition factor and viscera ratio. The addition of vitamin D₃ significantly reduced the liver to body ratio of largemouth bass. With the increase of vitamin D₃ content in the feed, the contents of crude ash, calcium and phosphorus and serum calcium ions in the spine of largemouth bass increased. However, there was no significant effect on the content of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and moisture in the muscle. The total superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and total antioxidant activity in the liver of largemouth bass were significantly increased by the addition of vitamin D₃ in the feed, and the activity of transaminase in the serum was significantly decreased. The anti-infection ability of the body to Aeromonas hydrophila was also enhanced with the increase of vitamin D₃ content in the feed. All the results indicated that dietary vitamin D₃ between 1 370 IU/kg and 1 430 IU/kg could improve growth and health of largemouth bass.

Key words:largemouth bass;vitamin D₃;growth;antioxidant capacity;anti-infection

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