Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing has become a major problem in global ocean governance. In recent years, the European Union and the United States have adopted various measures in combating IUU fishing and developed relatively systematic and rigorous regulatory frameworks. This study compares the arrangements of the EU and the US from three dimensions (management system, legal framework and international participation), exploring their efforts in defining IUU fishing behaviors, selecting fisheries management modes, establishing responsible departments, introducing relevant laws and regulations, implementing regulatory measures, providing financial services, and promoting international cooperation. Certain suggestions for China have been put forward:Remain cautious of the unilateral actions from the EU and the US under the pretext of strictly cracking down on IUU fishing in order to uphold China's international rights and interests; add special provisions about IUU fishing in relevant laws and regulations; strengthen law enforcement cooperation; fulfill due responsibilities and obligations, severely punish "Three No" fishing vessels and the distant water fishing vessels participating in IUU activities; enhance fishermen's capacity building and provide legal and ethical training, striving to become a globally-recognized responsible fisheries power.