Macrozoobenthos was monthly sampled at 5 stations of Mingzhu Lake in Chongming Island of Shanghai, China from March, 2017 to December, 2018. The temporal and spatial variations of the structural characteristics of macroinvertebrate community and its relationship with environmental factors were studied. A total of 25 species were collected, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Chironomus plumosus, Tanypus chinensis dominated the community. The three dominant species contributed 80.4% to the density and 72.8% to the biomass of the community. There were no significant differences in species composition of the community between seasons and among stations. The density and biomass were 1116.8 ind./m² and 3.53 g/m², respectively. The density did not differ yearly, seasonally and spatially, and the biomass differed only seasonally. The spatial rather than yearly and seasonal differences in Shannon diversity (H'), evenness (J) and dominance (λ) indices were observed, and no spatial and temporal variations in richness (R) index were found. The biomass was significantly and positively correlated to nitrite nitrogen (NO₂-N) and permanganate index (COD_Mn). The H' and R were significantly and negatively correlated to water depth (WD) and COD_Mn, and the λ was significantly and positively correlated to WD and COD_Mn. Significantly negative relationship between J and WD and positive one between density and WD were found. The H' indicated that Mingzhu Lake was moderately polluted, and its pollution level has not changed significantly from 10 years ago to now.