According to the squid samples collected from 2010, 2015 and 2016, the mantle length, body weight and beak morphometrics of annual and sexual differences were analyzed, and the monthly beak growth rate was calculated, combined with the distribution of monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll a (Chl.a) to study the potential influential factors on the beak morphology and growth. The results showed that the mantle length and body weight had significant difference between years, the largest beak morphometrics was the individuals in 2016, and the smallest was in 2010. The growth parameter b in 2010 was the largest, and that in 2015 was the lowest. The growth rate during August to September in 2010 had the highest beak morphometrics growth rate, and had lowest in 2015. The distribution status of SST and Chl.a, the SST during August to September in 2015 was lower than that in the other years, the distribution of Chl.a during August to September was dispersed, but the high concentration (>0.7mg/m³) had a large proportion; the beak and mantle were relatively larger in 2016 than in other years due to the suitable SST and Chl.a. The beak morphology had significant difference between different years, and the variation of SST and Chl.a during August to September is one of the main factors that affect the beak morphometics.