The study was conducted to investigate gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), meat yield (MY), total edible yield (TEY), proximate composition, fatty acid profile and amino acid composition in edible parts of wild adult mitten crab (Eriocheir sensu stricto) from Minjiang River using vicisection and biochemical analysis, and their gender differences were compared between females and males of adult mitten crab. The results were shown as follows:(1) The mean body mass and mean MY of the adult males were significantly higher than those of females; The mean GSI of female adult crabs was significantly higher than that of males (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in HSI and TEY between females and males. (2) Adult males had the significantly higher moisture content, and the lower contents of lipid, protein and carbohydrate in the gonads than the female crabs(P<0.05). The moisture content in the male hepatopancreas was significantly higher than that in the female (P<0.05), while the females had the higher lipid content in the hepatopancreas than the males(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of moisture, lipid, protein and carbohydrate in muscle between female and male (P>0.05). (3) No major differences were found for the hepatopancreatic fatty acid profile between female and male. The female crabs had higher total monounsaturated fatty acid (ΣMUFA) content in the gonads compared to males, while the contents of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA), total highly unsaturated fatty acids (ΣHUFA) and Σn-6PUFA in male gonads were significantly higher than female crabs (P<0.05). The females had the significant higher percentage of muscular ΣMUFA than the males, while the male crabs had higher contents of ΣPUFA, ΣHUFA and Σn-6PUFA in the muscle (P<0.05). (4) The contents of most of amino acids and total amino acid (TAA) in female gonads were significantly higher than those of males (P<0.05), while the higher proline content was detected in the gonads of male (P<0.01). The cysteine content in males muscle was significantly higher than that of females (P<0.05), while no significant differences were found for the other amino acids between males and females (P>0.05). The essential amino acid scores (EAAS) of most essential amino acids in female gonads and muscle were higher than those of male, while the threonine, methionine + cysteine in gonads and the tryptophan, methionine + cysteine in muscle of males were higher than those of females. In conclusion, no significant difference in TEY was found between adult female and male mitten crab from Minjiang River, but the proportion of edible parts has gender differences. Both female and male crabs have high nutritional value of amino acid and fatty acid. The fatty acid profile in the gonads and muscle of males are better than female, but the female has better amino acid composition in the gonads and muscle.