By regularly monitoring and analyzing the water chemical indexes and the content variation trend of S^2-, S⁰ and TS in sediments of the outdoor ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei, their relationships with DO, pH, TP, TN and TOC were investigated for guiding the healthy aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei. The results indicate that S^2- content in sediments of the outdoor ponds and surrounding rivers were respectively 0.31~5.86mg/kg and 18.13-232.56 mg/kg, which were all lower than the safety low-limit of sulfide content in fishery sedimentary environment; S⁰ and TS contents in sediments of the outdoor ponds were 0.39~3.06 mg/kg and 221-4421 mg/kg, respectively. S^2- and TS contents showed wave-like increase trend with aquaculture time, and S⁰ content varied within a cube-type range. S^2- and S⁰ proportions of TS in sediments of outdoor ponds were respectively 0.12%-1.76% and 0.12%-1.04%, and those in sediments of water source were respectively 4.30%-17.85% and 0.09%-0.37%; The main water chemical indexes met the Litopenaeus vannamei aquaculture demand. TOC and TN contents showed wave-like increase trend versus aquaculture time but the variation trend of TP content was not obvious. Additionally, it was found that S^2- and TS had a significant positive correlation with TOC and TN but a negative correlation with DO and pH. The results demonstrate that accumulation of organic matters including residual feeds, metabolites and biological carcasses in shrimp pond could result in higher oxygen consumption and the sulfide content increase under low-oxygen condition. Hence, it was suggested that the key solutions to reducing the sulfide and organic matter contents in shrimp pond sediments were the rational feeding, the maintenance of abundant dissolved oxygen in shrimp ponds and the thorough desilting.