With the development of China's export-oriented economy, from the early 1980s, the construction of coastal ports was accelerated. The rapid development of the port and shipping industry has led to the arrival of a large amount of ship ballast water around the world to China's coastal ports, raising the risk of biological ballast water intrusion. Research on ballast water from ships arriving at ports in mainland China focused on the invasion of pathogenic bacteria from the perspective of hygiene and epidemic prevention, focused on the invasion of harmful algae from the perspective of red tide prevention and control, and gradually extended to the biological diversity of ballast water on this basis. However, it mainly focused on the survey toward the biological species in ballast water. With the entry into force of the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, the study of ballast water organisms will inevitably step into the ballistic water bio-adaptation mechanism and intrusion mechanism. It also promotes the development and innovation of ship ballast water detection technology and provides technical support and guarantees for the performance of the Convention and port State supervision and inspection.