On the occasion of the coming into force of the 《International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships, Ballast Water and Sediments》, the paper summarized the development of the policy on ballast water by Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau in recent years and analyzed the situation of multiple batches of ships' ballast water exceeding the ballast water test in recent years. The risk of ballast water discharged from exiting and entering Shanghai port is analyzed. For solving the problems such as the current regulation of ballast water from legislation, supervision, technology and cognition, the author suggests that the ballast water management system should be established as soon as possible, and the risk assessment of ballast water of exiting and entering ships should be actively carried out. ballast water testing laboratories and technical standards about ballast water should be set up, the exchange of information in the area of ballast water supervision at entry points should be strengthened. Relevant laws and standards for ballast water management should be set up. Several section for supervision of ships should strengthen collaboration and improve the management technique. The ballast water not only refers to the public heath and environment, but also refers to economic and trade development, which should cause high priority of all the society.