Using orthogonal table L₂₀(5¹×2⁸) to arrange 5 kinds of horizontal stocking density(50, 100, 170, 260, 340 ind/m²), and 4 simple water quality control measures, including aeration mode, whether to change water, whether to use microbial agents or disinfectants, to carry out indoor aquaculture experiment of Litopenaeus vannamei. By comparing and analyzing the evolution rule of water quality, the specific activity of digestive enzymes and the effect of aquaculture, the effects of indoor aquaculture density and simple water quality control measures of Litopenaeus vannamei were comprehensively explored. The results showed that the stocking density significantly affected the water quality of the aquaculture water, the growth and yield of prawns (P < 0.05), and also the activity of digestive enzymes. The pH, nonionic ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N_m) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the pool water decreased with the increase of density, and the nitrogen nitrate (NO₃^--N), active phosphorus (PO₄^3--P) and turbidity increased with the increase of density. The daily average growth value, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate of Litopenaeus vannamei decreased with the increase of density. Except trypsin, the activity of pepsin, lipase and amylase decreased with the increase of density. The low stocking density(50-100 ind/m²) was more neat. Continuous aeration can help the transformation of material, improve the water environment and increase the activity and yield of amylase in prawn. The effect of water exchange on aquaculture and water quality is obvious, it can significantly reduce the content of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrogen nitrate (NO₃^--N) and active phosphorus (PO₄^3--P) and other hydration indexes (P <0.05), and the activity of digestive enzyme in prawns was increased; The regular release of microecological agents significantly increased the activity of trypsin (P < 0.05), which is beneficial to the growth of shrimp, but not obvious in improving water quality. The application of disinfectant can reduce the activity of digestive enzymes in shrimp. Besides dissolved oxygen (DO), it has no obvious effect on improving water quality and raising aquaculture effect. The results showed that under the simple water quality control measures such as continuous aeration, aquaculture 60 d began to exchange 12.5%-25.0% water for every 10d and the release of microecologic agents per 15 d, 50-100 ind/m² is the appropriate stocking density for indoor cement tanks. The results provide a reliable basis for the cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei in greenhouse cement pond.