In order to investigate the water quality and primary productivity of national aquatic germplasm resources conservation area of asian clam and erythroculter ilishaeformis in Dianshan Lake, ten sampling points were chosed in the conservation area in 2015. The spatiotemporal variations of nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chl.a) and primary productivity, and the relationship between Chl.a and environmental factors were analyzed by comprehensive nutrition status assessment and correlation analysis. The results showed that the concentrations of nutrients, COD_Mn and Chl.a had a significant difference. The results in spring and summer were higher than autumn and winter. But there was no significant difference in the test area compared with the core area. The N/P (nitrogen and phosphorus) ratios were between 5.30-64.66 and they are suitable for the algal growth. The comprehensive nutrition state index in conservation area was between 46.67 to 60.70. It showed the water columns in conservation area were in mild eutrophication state. The variations of Chl.a concentration and primary productivity were between 6.06 to 29.37 mg/m³ and 65.18 to 1 423.11 mg/(m³·d), respectively. The spatiotemporal variations of them were similar. There was a significant difference between the seasons, but there was no significant difference in the test area compared with the core area. The Pearson Correlation Analysis showed there was a significant correlation between the concentrations of Chl.a and TN, TP. The correlation index (R²)of them were 0.501 and 0.432, respectively. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were higher. They could lead to the water-bloom occurrence in this conservation area.