The structure of fingerling industry, which derives from the long-term development and optimization of industry chain, directly affects the benefits of aquaculture. The longer the chain, the more obvious economic division could be. However, accompanied by longer chain and increased costs, more attention should be paid to the tradeoff between divisional economic benefits and transaction fees. Different companies have different industrial chain links, and those formed different industrial chain modes. Comparison of the effectiveness under varying degrees of specialization is conducive to adjust and optimize the industrial structure, with a goal to reach the optimal balance, thus contributing to the development of the industry. In this paper, flatfish is chosen as an example based on the data of year 2013, factor costs, benefits and capital rates of return were compared with each other under two modes:raising fingerlings and adult fish together and raising fingerlings and adult fish separately. The results showed that:(1) Diversification has been in favor of cost-sharing, mainly in lowering variable costs; (2) On the current technical level, the higher the degree of specialization, the higher unit net income and the higher return on capital. Combined with the actual situation, the following recommendations are given:Related departments have to establish a reasonable market to improve the degree of specialization for accelerating industrial structure transformation of aquatic fingerling industry; Aquaculture producers have to strengthen technological innovation and scientific management to increase revenues.