In order to further understand the characteristics of major food poisoning accidents in China from 2001 to 2013, Census X12 method of time series model, coefficient of variation (CV), t-value test and other analysis methods were used in this study. The results showed a decline in food poisoning cases year after year from 2006. Food poisoning occurred mainly in the third quarter. Significance test showed that chemical factor was the most important factor, but the depth analysis showed that microbial factor should be the focus of prevention and control in future food safety. Compared with other places, the numbers of food poisoning and death at home accounted for the most. This study adequately reveals the current state and potential trend about food poisoning accidents of China in the future by multivariate statistical analysis methods.