The yield of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in Indian Ocean stayed near the maximum sustainable catch in recent years, and generally the status of its resources is at risk. Traditional fishery management methods are usually limited in considering the existence of errors (or uncertainties) in each section of fishery, which might have an enormous impact on the management. Fishery management strategy evaluation is a kind of systemic method which simulates the targeted fishery by computer simulation.MSE usually specify management objective firstly and then test and evaluate the performance of different management strategies to achieve that objective. MSE can increase possibilities of the success of fishery management and is being used more and more widely. We set up operation model according to the biological parameters and other fisheries data for MSE in this study. Then we evaluated different strategy evaluations by computer simulation and chose the optimal management strategy, so as to provide advice for the sustainable development of the yellowfin tuna resources in the Indian Ocean. We specified 25 management strategies and simulated the resources in 2010-2020 using MSE 4.0software.According to MSE, the optimal management strategy for yellowfin tuna fishery is MS7,i.e., F is 0.2 and SSB is 600 000 mt.