Through fitting the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) backscatter intensity data obtained by field survey and suspended sediment concentration in Jiangsu Yellow Sea in August and December 2012,we learned that the correlation coefficient was 0.8 or more, the inversion results were ideal. Combined with the simultaneous observation of the hydrological data such as temperature, salinity, we studied vertical distribution of suspended sediment transport characteristics, formative causes of two seasons of summer and winter in the region. The results show that Jiangsu typical seasonal variation of suspended sediment distribution in nearshore waters was obvious, and suspended sediment concentration was generally higher in winter than in summer. The distribution and transportation of suspended sediment were affected by Subei coastal water, western Yellow Sea coastal currents, Yangtze diluted water, Yellow Sea warm current, Yellow Sea cold water mass and other factors, in which seasonal variation of western Yellow Sea coastal currents were its main influence factors. Subei coastal water carrying the resuspended sediment in Yellow River estuary and nearshore suspended sediment spread to the south-east coast, and the transportation amount and diffusion range is larger in winter than in summer. Warm currents of Yellow Sea prevented suspended sediment from outward diffusion, which was captured in nearshore. Northeasterly direction deflection of Yangtze diluted water caused the distribution stratification phenomenon of suspended sediment in southern Subei in summer.