According to the fisheries resource data collected from June 2012 to October 2013, the status of fish community structure and environmental indicators in 4 sampling stations in national fisheries resources protection zone in Tingjiang River were analyzed. The results showed that the captured 38 fish species belong to 4 orders, 12 families and 30 genera. Mastacembelus armatus is protected fish of Fujian Province and Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus, Pseudogastromyzon cheni, Crossostoma stigmata are endemic species in Fujian Province. Fish community through IRI indexes were analyzed, Zacco platypus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Parasilurus asotus, Acrossoch eilus parallens, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Mastacembelus aculedtus were the dominant species .The ecological types of the fish consisted of benthic type, omnivorous type and adapting to stream settled. Three diversity indexes which are Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H), Margalef diversity index(D), Evenness index(E) are used to analyze the characteristics of species diversity. Shannon-Wiener diversity and Margalef diversity index in the upper river were higher than those in the lower river. Pearson correspondence analysis showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of zooplankton, channel-change and human activity had the significant correlation with fish diversity index . Canonical correspondence analysis found that three main environmental indicators mainly influence Pseudogastromyzon fasciatus, Pseudogastromyzon cheni and Crossostoma tinkhami.