Since the founding of People's Republic of China, the trade of aquatic product between China and Japan has been improved with the development of economy. The process of the development can be divided into three periods. First one is expansion period, based on the export from China to Japan. Second one is growing period, centered on processing trade. Third one is decrease period, affected by food safety issues. Changes in production and consumption, development of aquatic products processing technology and enhancement of food safety standards are the main factors that affect the process. For the decrease of the trade, both countries have taken a series of measures. China has taken the measures such as enhancing the legislations, food safety standards and export management system. Promotion conference of food safety was held by China and Japan to solve the problems. Although the measures showed down the decline of the aquatic trade, there are still many problems need to be solved. It will take a long time to achieve the recovery in aquatic product trade between China and Japan