An experiment was conducted to investigate the role of bioflocs technology for maintaining good water quality and inhibiting potential pathogen in the breeding systems of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Glucose was added to the breeding system of Macrobrachium rosenbergii with different concentration to stimulate the formation of bioflocs everyday. The ammonia nitrogen, nitrite-N, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand(COD), the concentration of glucose and bio-flocs were continuously monitored. The composition of the microorganism of bioflocs and length of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larval were systematically investigated respectively. The results indicated that ammonia-N and nitrite-N concentrations of water in the 20mg/L glucose group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The content of bioflocs,dissolved oxygen, COD and concentration of glucose showed no significant differences. By comparing the microbial diversity of bioflocs in control and treatment groups, Aeromonas sp. was probably inhabited in bioflocs treatment groups. The survival rates of post larval in bioflocs group (20mg/L) and control group were 32.60% and 60.60%, and was 85.90% higher than control group. The average lengthes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larval of control group and bioflocs groups (20mg/L ) were 8.193mm and 10.488mm. Bioflocs group(20mg/L) was 28.00% lengther than control.