The width of the waters between China and ROK is not enough to entitle the two countries to 200 nautical miles， exclusive economic zone and continental shelf for their claims. The two countries have difference in the principles of delimitation in the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf demarcation. This paper mainly discusses the disputes of maritime rights and interests between the two countries in the demarcation of exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, fisheries, marine scientific research, marine resources development and utilization. To protect maritime rights and interests, China should release the “declaration of islands and waters of China” and make clear the sea demarcation between our country and other countries as soon as possible; strengthen the research of ROK’s policy; improve and perfect the related laws and regulations of China’s maritime rights and interests; To strengthen the construction of maritime law enforcement powers and implement jurisdiction over the waters under the jurisdiction China claims in accordance with the law; Popularize marine legal knowledge and enhance national marine legal consciousness; Establish the regional ocean management organization among China, Japan and Korea, to protect and develop the marine resources mutually and rationally.