The study of reproductive system is a vital component in reproductive biology of marine species. In order to better understand the reproductive biology of cephalopod, the research progress on histological structure of reproductive system in cephalopod has been summarized in this study, and the histological structure and function of the reproductive system of cephalopod are reviewed systematically. In general, the system in both males and females consists of a gonad (testis and ovary), one or two separate gonoducts and a complex of accessory glands or reproductive sac. The male’s accessory glands are complex but the basic composed unit is the same, which are responsible for the production of spermatophores. However, the female’s accessory glands are relatively simple but the basic composed unit is not the same for different species, which plays the function on forming of egg coats. However, the mechanism of gonad communicating with the gonaducts and the way with which the gemmates shed into the gonaducts remain unclear if we only use the methodology of anatomy and histology, and so does the effect of changing habitat environment on the reproductive system. The peculiarities of allometric growth of different parts of the spermatophoric organ and the mechanism of waste generating in the spermatophoric organ are also unclear. Therefore, the methodology of the developmental biology, cellular biochemistry, endocrinology and evolutionary ecology should be explored in the research on the reproductive biology of cephalopod in future.