Paraffin section and HE section were adopted to examine the structure of the retina and visual characteristics of Siniperca chuatsi fertilized eggs and from newly hatched to 30 days old larvae. The main results obtained are as follows: (1)At 54 h after fertilization, lens and undifferentiated retina formed. At 80 h after hatching, the retina differentiated into four layers, including outer nuclear layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer and ganglion cell layer. At 98 h, pigment epithelium, rods and cones layer and optic nerve fibers layer were observed. At 124 h, outer plexiform layer formed and the retina was composed of ten layers. At 4 days after hatching, a couple of jaw teeth and pharyngeal teeth appeared; At 5 days and 14 days, palatine teeth and vomer teeth appeared respectively; At 15 days, gill rakers grew but small. In one word, the quantity of the teeth increased with the growth of larvae, until nearly the same as that of the adult. (2) The structure of the inner nuclear layer of S.chuatsi has only a layer of horizontal cells, bipolar cells and amacrine cells, which shows that the retina of S.chuatsi is not sensitive to light.(3) The teeth appeared before the maturity of the digestive system in the S.chuatsi larvae, which serves to improve the success rate in catching prey. It is a full reflection of the adaptation of individual growth to the environment in its evolutionary process. (4)The quantity of the ganglion cell decreased with the development of S.chuatsi. At 29 days, the structure of the ganglion cell layer of S.chuatsi decreased to a layer of ganglion cell, which indicates that S.chuatsi larvae had adapted to the dark environment. It is revealed that the changes of visual structure of S.chuatsi are adapted to the ecological shift from pelagic to benthic habitats and to the changes of feeding methods.