China is not only the aquaculture hometown, but also has made and is making great contribution to the world aquaculture industry and fisheries civilization. The article analyzes the international competitiveness of China's aquaculture industry with the quantitative index first, including production potentiality, the price ratio and comparative advantage index. The conclusion is that China' s aquaculture industry has comparative advantage in fish, crustacean and mollusk. Then the article elaborates it in the view of the international trade practice. At last the paper gives some suggestions to improve the competitiveness of China' s aquaculture industry.