The paper analysis the impacts of the production factors on the marine fisheries sustainable development by the scarcity theory of resources. According to the scarcity theory of the resources, shrinking and reducing of fishing ground and marine fishery resources have become the major factor to restrain the sustainable development of Chinese marine fisheries. After years overfishing, the abundance of fish in Chinese inshore waters decreased sharply. However, the investigation shows that fish farming in near shore and off-shore could make a great contribution to sustainable development of marine fisheries. The study also shows that, for increasing productivity of Chinese marine fisheries, the human resource is one of important facts, which obviously influences the productivity of labor force while the fisheries is in a preliminary stage. But the impact from the labor force on economic growth rate will become weaker while the inputs of labor ft rce approach a certain level. Investigation shows that the average surplus capita held by Chinese fishermen is very lower and their investment ability is very weak. The reason causing shortage of surplus-profit is in related to the governmental agriculture policies and consumption pattern of fish farmers. Technological progress in fisheries improved the progress of fishery production. However, a lot of research achievement is still staying in universities and research institutes and does not translate into economic activity of fisheries. The Chinese marine fisheries are facing serious shortage of organization and institutional resources. There were a few examples communities and local self-governed loodies existing in China during 50 's and 60 's. The large and complicated government system connects with decentralized farmer families through village organizations which are neither an administrative unit nor a government institution.