摘要
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)单性化养殖是一种具有推广潜力的养殖方式,基于雌雄营养需求配制雌雄专用饲料是实现精准投喂的重要前提。为了研究雌雄专用育肥饲料对雌、雄中华绒螯蟹亚成体养殖性能、生理代谢和生化组成的影响,采用2×2因子实验设计(2种饲料×2种性别),在室外池塘围隔中开展了为期80 d的养殖实验,实验包括雄蟹投喂雄体专用饲料组、雄蟹投喂雌体专用饲料组、雌蟹投喂雌体专用饲料组和雌蟹投喂雄体专用饲料组(分别记为MM、MF、FF和FM),每组各设置4个重复围隔。结果显示:饲料对雌雄蟹的生长、成活率、产量及饲料系数均无显著差异(P>0.05),而雌雄蟹性别之间生长、产量和饲料系数存在显著差异(P<0.05); FF组肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)高于FM组,且在80 d时GSI差异显著(P<0.05);除FF组肝胰腺中的总脂含量显著高于FM组外(P<0.05),两种饲料对可食组织中的常规生化成分含量均无显著差异(P>0.05); 就抗氧化和免疫指标而言,MM组肝胰腺中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而FF组肝胰腺中的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性最高;饲料和性别因素对血淋巴中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性均具有显著影响;就蛋白质和脂质代谢指标而言,MM组肝胰腺胰蛋白酶活性最高,脂肪酶活性最低;FF组肝胰腺中甘油三酯(TG)、血淋巴中总蛋白(TP)、TG、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量均最高。研究表明,雄蟹投喂雄体专用饲料可以提高抗氧化和免疫性能,促进蛋白质沉积;雌蟹投喂雌体专用饲料可以增加肝胰腺中的TG沉积,加速卵巢发育速度。综上,雌雄专用育肥饲料可提高河蟹雌雄分养条件下的育肥养殖效果,促进中华绒螯蟹雌雄单性化养殖技术的推广应用。
中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)俗称河蟹,是我国重要的养殖经济蟹类之一,2022年全国养殖总量达8.15×1
目前中华绒螯蟹雌雄分养关键养殖技术尚处于起步阶段,有限的研究主要集中在水草种植模
鉴于此,本研究在先前研究的基础上,基于雌雄成蟹的营养需求配制成雌雄专用育肥饲料,并在室外池塘养殖条件下投喂尚未生殖蜕壳的中华绒螯蟹亚成体,系统研究雌雄专用育肥饲料对中华绒螯蟹亚成体养殖性能、生理代谢、抗氧化、免疫性能和生化组成的影响,以期为中华绒螯蟹雌雄专用育肥饲料开发和应用提供科学依据和实践参考。
本研究中所有样本采集、实验流程、研究方法均严格按照《上海海洋大学实验室动物伦理规范》和上海海洋大学伦理委员会制定的规章制度执行。
采用豆粕、菜粕、花生粕、鱼粉和鸡肉粉等作为主要蛋白源,采用磷脂油、鱼油和豆油作为主要脂肪源,采用破壁的雨生红球藻粉作为天然虾青素源。根据先前研究设定雌雄育肥饲料的主要营养参
原料 Ingredient | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 原料 Ingredient | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
豆粕 Soybean meal | 11.00 | 10.00 |
多维预混 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
发酵豆粕 Fermented soybean meal | 12.00 | 11.00 | 氯化胆碱 Choline chloride (60%) | 0.30 | 0.30 |
菜粕 Rapeseed meal | 7.00 | 7.00 | L-蛋氨酸 L-Methionine (50%) | 0.22 | 0.20 |
花生粕 Peanut meal | 5.00 | 5.00 | 维生素E Vitamin E | 0.08 | 0 |
鱼粉 Fish meal | 20.00 | 28.00 | 腐殖酸钠 Sodium humate (60%) | 0.50 | 0.50 |
大豆浓缩蛋白 Soybean protein concentrate | 0 | 2.00 |
雨生红球藻粉 Haematococcus pluvialis powder | 0.20 | 0.10 |
鸡肉粉 Chicken meal | 4.00 | 4.00 | 鱼油 Fish oil | 3.50 | 0 |
南极磷虾粉 Antarctic krill meal | 2.00 | 2.00 | 豆油 Soybean oil | 3.50 | 1.00 |
酵母膏 Yeast extract | 2.00 | 2.00 | 大豆磷脂油 Soy lecithin | 3.00 | 1.00 |
喷雾干燥血球蛋白粉 Spray dried hemoglobin powder | 0 | 2.50 |
常规营养成分 Proximate composition | ||
高筋面粉 Starch | 15.60 | 15.80 | 水分 Moisture | 10.29 | 10.48 |
谷朊粉 Wheat gluten | 2.50 | 0 | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 39.26 | 44.71 |
米糠 Rice bran | 5.00 | 5.00 | 总脂肪 Total lipid | 15.16 | 10.21 |
矿物质预混 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 灰分 Ash | 9.39 | 10.19 |
注: 1. 矿物质预混料(mg/kg饲料):一水硫酸亚铁 200;五水硫酸铜 96;一水硫酸锌 360;一水硫酸锰 120;一水硫酸镁 240;磷酸二氢钾 4 200;磷酸二氢钠 500;碘化钾 5.4;六水氯化钴 2.1;亚硒酸钠 3;磷酸二氢钙 15 000;2. 维生素预混料(mg/kg 饲料):维生素A 125;维生素D3 30;维生素E 1 050;维生素K3 35.4;维生素B1 100;维生素B2 150;维生素B6 150;维生素B12 0.2;维生素C 1 050;生物素 4;D-泛酸钙 250;叶酸 25;烟酰胺 300。
Notes: 1. Mineral mixture (mg/kg diet): FeSO4·H2O 200; CuSO4·5H2O 96; ZnSO4·H2O 360; MnSO4·H2O 120; MgSO4·H2O 240; KH2PO4 4 200; NaH2PO4 500; KI 5.4; CoCl2·6H2O 2.1; Na2SeO3 3; Ca(H₂PO₄)₂ 15 000; 2. Vitamin mixture (mg/kg diet): retinol acetate 125; cholecalciferol 30; alpha-tocopherol 1 050; menadione 35.4; thiamine 100; riboflavin 150; Vitamin B6 150; vitamin B12 0.2; ascorbic acid 1 050; biotin 4; D-calcium pantothenate 250; folic acid 25; nicotinamide 300.
实验用蟹取自上海海洋大学崇明基地,挑选附肢健全、活力较好的雌、雄亚成体蟹用于养殖实验。雌、雄蟹初始平均体质量分别为(85.51±0.54)和(108.46±0.45) g。养殖实验在4个室外土池(长×宽×高=15.5 m×8.0 m×1.2 m)中进行,每个池塘中均设置4个规格一致(面积为26
实验采用2×2因子设计,共分为4组,单养雌体组投喂雌蟹专用育肥料(记为FF组)和雄蟹专用育肥料(记为FM组),单养雄体组投喂雌蟹专用育肥料(记为MF组)和雄蟹专用育肥料(记为MM组),每个实验组重复4个网围,共计16个网围。2022年7月中旬采用漂白粉对实验水泥池进行消毒,两周后在网围底部种植尹乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)等沉水植物作为蟹的隐蔽场所,水面固定放置少量空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides, 俗称水花生),水生植物覆盖率为40%~60%。8月中旬投放实验蟹,每个网围根据实验设计随机投放40只蟹,经过一周适应暂养后正式开始实验,养殖实验周期为80 d。
实验期间每日18∶00投喂实验饲料,初始投喂量占蟹体质量的2%~4%,根据饵料残留和蟹生长情况逐步调整投喂量。定期清除过多的水生植物,防止其疯长造成水体缺氧和妨碍饲料投喂。网围底部放置纳米增氧盘,夜间及阴雨天开启增氧设备对各围网进行增氧。每周测定1次水体亚硝酸盐和氨氮,每日测定水体pH和溶解氧,根据水质指标适当换水或补充新水。水质指标:pH 7.0~9.0;溶氧> 4 mg/L;氨氮< 0.5 mg/L;亚硝酸盐< 0.15 mg/L。
在实验40 d时,停止投喂饲料1 d,开始采集解剖。每实验组随机采样8只蟹,干毛巾擦干蟹体表水分后,使用电子天平称重(精确度=0.01 g),据此计算平均体质量、增重率(Weight gain rate, WGR)和特定生长率(Specific growth rate, SGR);然后用1.0 mL无菌注射器从第三步足基部抽取血淋巴后,分别注入2个2 mL无菌离心管中,于-40 ℃保存用于后续血淋巴中营养物质代谢、抗氧化和免疫指标分析;将头胸甲与躯体分开,取出全部性腺和肝胰腺,并准确称重,用于计算第40 天的性腺指数(Gonadosomatic index, GSI)和肝胰腺指数(Hepatosomatic index, HSI),将肝胰腺装入自封袋于-40 ℃保存,用于后续生理代谢指标分析。
RWGR = (Wt–Wt-1)/Wt-1×100% | (1) |
RSGR = (lnWt-lnWt-1)/D×100% | (2) |
IGSI = Wg/W×100% | (3) |
IHSI = Wh/W×100% | (4) |
式中:RWGR为增重率,%;RSGR为特定生长率,%;IGSI 为性腺指数,%;IHSI 为肝胰腺指数,%;Wt和Wt-1分别为t和t-1月的平均体质量,g;D为采样的间隔天数,d;Wg和Wh分别为采样性腺和肝胰腺质量,g;W为采样蟹质量,g。
在实验80 d时结束实验,停食1 d。排干池水后捕捞全部成蟹,称重并统计各实验组成活数量,据此计算平均体质量、WGR、SGR、成活率(Survival rate, SR)、单位产量(Yield, g/
RFCR = Wd/(Wf–W0) | (5) |
YMY = Wm/W×100% | (6) |
YTEY = IGSI+IHSI+YMY | (7) |
式中:RFCR为饲料系数;YMY为出肉率,%;YTEY为总可食用率,%;Wd为各实验组总消耗饲料量,g;Wf为各组实验蟹总质量,g;W0为实验初的蟹总质量,g;Wm为肌肉质量,g。
称取0.2 g左右肝胰腺湿样,加入1 mL预冷的生理盐水,采用微型匀浆器IKA匀浆30 s后,立即在4 ℃、12 000 r/min条件下离心20 min,并取中层清液再次离心后,取中间清液用于后续抗氧化、免疫和营养物质代谢指标分析。血淋巴样品在常温下解冻后,用IKA匀浆器匀浆30 s,于4 ℃、12 000 r/min条件下离心20 min,取上清液备用。准确称取0.1 g肝胰腺冻干样品,按照FOLCH
血清中的血蓝蛋白(Hc)含量根据NICKERSON
参照AOA
如
项目 Items | 雄蟹 Male | 雌蟹 Female | 双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 性别 Sex | 饲料 Diet | 性别饲料 Sex×Diet | |
初始体质量 IBW/g | 108.39±0.27 | 107.71±0.22 | 84.82±0.37 | 84.19±0.71 | - | - | - |
第40天体质量 BW40/g |
191.22±4.3 |
188.51±7.9 |
148.25±6.3 |
144.14±5.9 | <0.001 | 0.592 | 0.912 |
1~40天增重率 WGR40/% | 76.42±4.07 | 74.98±7.24 | 74.83±7.64 | 71.18±6.75 | 0.685 | 0.701 | 0.868 |
1~40天特定生长率 SGR40/(%/d) | 1.41±0.06 | 1.38±0.10 | 1.38±0.11 | 1.33±0.10 | 0.651 | 0.670 | 0.901 |
第80天体质量 BW80/g |
226.43±2.8 |
219.91±2.0 |
160.37±4.4 |
164.68±1.6 | <0.001 | 0.716 | 0.090 |
1~80天增重率 WGR80/% |
107.61±1.5 |
104.17±1.8 |
89.16±6.1 |
95.65±1.7 | 0.001 | 0.648 | 0.152 |
1~80天特定生长率 SGR80/(%/d) |
0.91±0.0 |
0.89±0.0 |
0.79±0.0 |
0.84±0.0 | 0.002 | 0.649 | 0.166 |
成活率 SR/% | 62.50±3.95 | 61.88±2.58 | 60.00±13.81 | 66.25±9.87 | 0.913 | 0.743 | 0.689 |
单位产量 Yield/(g/ | 182.73±12.29 | 175.71±8.39 | 125.23±29.86 | 139.27±20.15 | 0.027 | 0.855 | 0.586 |
饲料系数 FCR | 2.64±0.09 | 2.77±0.09 | 3.13±0.29 | 2.99±0.02 | 0.038 | 0.991 | 0.412 |
注: 同行数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Values with different letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).
如
项目 Items | 雄蟹 Male | 雌蟹 Female | 双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 性别 Sex | 饲料 Diet | 性别饲料 Sex×Diet | |
第40天 | |||||||
肝胰腺指数 HSI/% |
7.63±0.6 |
7.97±0.3 |
9.00±0.5 |
10.46±0.5 | 0.001 | 0.090 | 0.282 |
性腺指数 GSI/% |
1.31±0.0 |
1.16±0.0 |
2.72±0.4 |
2.82±0.1 | <0.001 | 0.928 | 0.607 |
第80天 | |||||||
肝胰腺指数 HSI/% | 6.69±0.23 | 6.58±0.25 | 5.99±0.40 | 6.67±0.24 | 0.394 | 0.205 | 0.244 |
性腺指数 GSI/% |
3.51±0.2 |
3.66±0.2 |
10.07±0.5 |
11.16±0.2 | <0.001 | 0.090 | 0.190 |
出肉率 MY/% |
32.18±0.5 |
32.25±0.8 |
27.57±0.9 |
25.79±0.5 | <0.001 | 0.259 | 0.225 |
总可食用率 TEY/% | 42.46±0.52 | 42.41±0.69 | 43.63±0.55 | 44.03±0.54 | 0.072 | 0.692 | 0.755 |
注: 同行数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Values with different letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).
如
项目 Items | 雄蟹 Male | 雌蟹 Female | 双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 性别 Sex | 饲料 Diet | 性别饲料 Sex×Diet | |
肝胰腺 Hepatopancreas | |||||||
水分 Moisture | 61.15±3.75 | 58.3±1.66 | 58.72±3.02 | 51.09±2.58 | 0.107 | 0.412 | 0.081 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein | 9.59±0.43 | 9.17±0.29 | 9.26±0.37 | 9.44±0.22 | 0.924 | 0.385 | 0.715 |
总脂肪 Total lipids |
26.03±1.5 |
30.62±1.5 |
30.64±1.9 |
37.66±1.8 | 0.003 | 0.486 | 0.003 |
灰分 Ash |
1.40±0.0 |
1.37±0.0 |
1.14±0.0 |
1.20±0.0 | 0.001 | 0.390 | 0.862 |
性腺 Gonads | |||||||
水分 Moisture |
73.37±0.4 |
72.54±0.3 |
49.32±0.5 |
48.86±0.1 | <0.001 | 0.397 | 0.701 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein |
18.69±0.2 |
19.36±0.3 |
33.79±0.1 |
33.69±0.0 | <0.001 | 0.106 | 0.219 |
总脂肪 Total lipids |
0.92±0.0 |
0.74±0.0 |
15.39±0.1 |
15.59±0.1 | <0.001 | 0.167 | 0.937 |
灰分 Ash |
1.95±0.0 |
2.05±0.0 |
1.11±0.0 |
1.16±0.0 | <0.001 | 0.717 | 0.147 |
肌肉 Muscle | |||||||
水分 Moisture | 77.86 ± 0.15 | 78.12±0.16 | 77.76±0.13 | 77.55±0.62 | 0.499 | 0.962 | 0.632 |
粗蛋白 Crude protein | 19.96 ± 0.45 | 19.36±0.04 | 19.90±0.11 | 19.34±0.59 | 0.908 | 0.160 | 0.955 |
总脂肪 Total lipids | 1.11±0.01 | 1.12±0.03 | 1.12±0.04 | 1.20±0.06 | 0.311 | 0.311 | 0.384 |
灰分 Ash | 1.07±0.06 | 1.10±0.03 | 1.21±0.01 | 1.18±0.02 | 0.059 | 0.965 | 0.694 |
注: 同行数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Values with different letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).
如
项目 Items | 雄蟹 Male | 雌蟹 Female | 双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 性别 Sex | 饲料 Diet | 性别饲料 Sex×Diet | |
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mg prot) | 5.56±0.58 | 6.53±0.68 | 5.28±1.06 | 4.66±0.66 | 0.260 | 0.974 | 0.434 |
总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mg prot) | 7.06±1.12 | 8.33±2.07 | 7.68±1.17 | 9.84±1.76 | 0.627 | 0.243 | 0.907 |
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mg prot) |
157.13±28.9 |
83.86±10.9 |
140.95±14.2 |
110.06±19.6 | 0.810 | 0.020 | 0.314 |
丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mg prot) | 3.27±0.39 | 2.90±0.45 | 3.14±0.20 | 2.76±0.39 | 0.964 | 0.271 | 0.858 |
碱性磷酸酶 AKP/(U/mg prot) | 58.62±3.04 | 59.04±3.52 | 48.20±8.32 | 59.85±12.72 | 0.572 | 0.479 | 0.510 |
酸性磷酸酶 ACP/(U/mg prot) |
30.47±4.8 |
23.27±5.1 |
21.35±2.2 |
13.71±1.7 | 0.026 | 0.091 | 0.897 |
注: 同行数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Values with different letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).
如
项目 Items | 雄蟹 Male | 雌蟹 Female | 双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 性别 Sex | 饲料 Diet | 性别饲料 Sex×Diet | |
总抗氧化能力 T-AOC/(U/mL) | 5.21±0.67 | 5.99±0.43 | 5.74±0.28 | 4.30±0.82 | 0.045 | 0.098 | 0.097 |
总超氧化物歧化酶 T-SOD/(U/mL) | 442.47±9.97 | 406.45±18.37 | 427.84±15.40 | 393.63±24.33 | 0.523 | 0.128 | 0.938 |
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 GSH-Px/(U/mL) | 405.00±54.27 | 531.43±39.15 | 610.00±80.97 | 691.43±103.63 | 0.050 | 0.129 | 0.791 |
丙二醛 MDA/(nmol/mL) | 5.21±0.77 | 5.82±0.96 | 6.17±1.07 | 5.00±0.63 | 0.775 | 0.443 | 0.860 |
碱性磷酸酶 AKP/(U/100 mL) |
2.82±0.3 |
1.75±0.2 |
1.09±0.1 |
1.69±0.1 | 0.009 | 0.454 | 0.016 |
酸性磷酸酶 ACP/(U/100 mL) |
0.93±0.1 |
1.23±0.1 |
1.42±0.1 |
2.50±0.2 | 0.007 | 0.020 | 0.052 |
血蓝蛋白 Hc/(mg/mL) | 39.51±4.33 | 37.10±3.83 | 45.46±2.68 | 43.41±4.23 | 0.567 | 0.124 | 0.962 |
注: 同行数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Values with different letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).
如
项目 Items | 雄蟹 Male | 雌蟹 Female | 双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 性别 Sex | 饲料 Diet | 性别×饲料 Sex×Diet | |
谷丙转氨酶 GPT/(U/mg prot) | 4.81±0.62 | 4.40±0.70 | 5.44±1.16 | 5.01±1.29 | 0.506 | 0.635 | 0.945 |
谷草转氨酶 GOT/(U/mg prot) | 4.63±0.79 | 4.60±0.72 | 4.65±0.43 | 4.86±0.66 | 0.902 | 0.844 | 0.922 |
胰蛋白酶 Trypsin/(U/μg prot) |
5.63±0.5 |
5.07±0.3 |
3.98±0.2 |
3.15±0.3 | 0.001 | 0.062 | 0.983 |
脂肪酶 Lipase/(μmol/min/mg prot) |
1.98±0.0 |
2.66±0.1 |
2.51±0.1 |
2.44±0.2 | 0.140 | 0.132 | 0.027 |
甘油三酯 TG/(μmol/g) |
75.89±6.9 |
84.62±2.7 |
69.70±5.7 |
92.20±3.2 | 0.560 | 0.021 | 0.379 |
总胆固醇 TC/(μmol/g) | 9.11±0.45 | 9.22±1.31 | 9.57±1.37 | 10.42±2.06 | 0.405 | 0.306 | 0.676 |
注: 同行数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Values with different letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).
如
项目 Items | 雄蟹 Male | 雌蟹 Female | 双因素方差分析 Two-way ANOVA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 雄蟹专用料 Male diet | 雌蟹专用料Female diet | 性别 Sex | 饲料 Diet | 性别×饲料 Sex×Diet | |
总蛋白 TP/(mg/mL) | 53.25±8.36 | 41.95±4.50 | 56.89±7.15 | 66.45±7.04 | 0.303 | 0.393 | 0.178 |
游离氨基酸 T-AA/(μmol/mL) | 15.14±1.48 | 14.12±0.93 | 14.46±0.31 | 13.78±0.44 | 0.848 | 0.571 | 0.713 |
尿素氮 BUN/(mmol/L) |
3.24±0.3 |
2.62±0.2 |
4.04±0.2 |
2.58±0.2 | 0.517 | 0.004 | 0.439 |
谷丙转氨酶 GPT/(U/mL) | 6.35±0.66 | 7.25±0.13 | 6.57±0.36 | 6.66±0.60 | 0.706 | 0.786 | 0.973 |
谷草转氨酶 GOT/(U/mL) | 11.01±1.11 | 12.52±0.95 | 10.43±2.23 | 11.04±1.20 | 0.543 | 0.812 | 0.813 |
甘油三酯 TG/(μmol/L) |
302.99±21.8 |
343.55±30.8 |
436.68±20.8 |
450.14±37.8 | <0.001 | 0.019 | 0.586 |
总胆固醇 TC/(μmol/L) |
484.08±59.3 |
537.33±44.2 |
714.51±59.8 |
784.21±35.9 | 0.001 | 0.343 | 0.826 |
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 LDL-C/(μmol/L) |
355.06±41.4 |
387.48±40.4 |
536.64±82.2 |
612.84±48.1 | 0.009 | 0.517 | 0.607 |
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 HDL-C/(μmol/L) |
118.37±5.8 |
104.17±4.7 |
104.17±16.5 |
151.52±9.4 | 0.241 | 0.241 | 0.039 |
注: 同行数据不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
Notes: Values with different letters within the same row are significantly different (P<0.05).
蛋白质是水产动物重要的营养物质之一。过低的饲料蛋白水平会导致蛋白质合成代谢能力降低,抑制动物生
中华绒螯蟹完成生殖蜕壳后性腺开始迅速发育,但在土池条件下雌雄性腺发育的时间并不同步,通常认为雌蟹生殖蜕壳时间早于雄
肝胰腺、性腺和肌肉作为中华绒螯蟹重要的可食部分,其生化组成是评价河蟹营养价值的重要指标。吴仁福
总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)均为评价甲壳动物抗氧化性能的重要指
酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)在甲壳动物新陈代谢和免疫系统中起重要作
谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)是动物体内两种重要的转氨酶,其活力的高低反映肝功能受损情
脂肪酶(Lipase)能够催化脂质水解释放出游离脂肪酸供机体储存或氧化供能,在脂质代谢过程中起重要作
雄蟹投喂雄性专用育肥饲料能够提高雄体抗氧化和免疫性能,促进蛋白质沉积。对于雌蟹而言,投喂雌性专用育肥饲料可以有效提高机体抗氧化和免疫能力,促进卵巢发育,增加雌体肝胰腺中的甘油三酯含量。综上所述,基于雌雄中华绒螯蟹育肥期间的营养需求,制成的雌雄专用育肥饲料可提高河蟹雌雄分养条件下的育肥养殖效果,促进中华绒螯蟹雌雄单性化养殖技术的推广应用。
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