摘要
结合生物信息学、实时荧光定量PCR、原位杂交及HPLC技术研究了中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)Bco1基因的序列特征、时空表达模式和亚细胞定位,并探讨了高pH慢性胁迫下肝胰腺的Es-Bco1表达量、色泽及类胡萝卜素含量的变化。结果表明:(1)Es-Bco1开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORF)全长1 614 bp,编码537个氨基酸,属于RPE65超家族,并与三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)BCO1高度相似;(2)Es-Bco1在多个组织中均有表达,高表达于内膜、眼柄和肝胰腺;蜕壳周期中蜕壳后期(AB期)肝胰腺Es-Bco1表达量最高;卵巢发育阶段Ⅰ~Ⅲ期的肝胰腺Es-Bco1表达量显著上升,此后显著下降;(3)原位杂交结果显示,在蜕壳AB期和卵巢发育Ⅲ期,Es-Bco1 mRNA主要定位于肝胰腺的F细胞(纤维细胞)和R细胞(吸收细胞)中;(4)幼蟹在pH 8.0(对照)、9.0和10.0条件下胁迫30 d后,肝胰腺中的Es-Bco1表达水平显著上调,其肝胰腺亮度值(
类胡萝卜素是自然界中广泛存在的一类天然色素,是生物体颜色多样的重要物质基
动物体摄入类胡萝卜素后,通常需要通过类胡萝卜素裂解酶转化为类维生素A和其他代谢物,才能进一步行使其生理功
有关节肢动物中类胡萝卜素裂解酶的研究相对较少,在昆虫中仅发现了一种具有氧化分解和异构化双重功能的酶——NinaB。NinaB通过对称切割β-胡萝卜素的15,15′双键,将一分子β-胡萝卜素切割成一分子11-顺式视黄醛和一分子全反式视黄
中华绒螯蟹俗称河蟹,由于其蒸煮后具有鲜红色的甲壳、独特的风味和丰富的营养价值,故深受消费者的喜
本研究首先分析了中华绒螯蟹β-胡萝卜素裂解酶基因Es-Bco1的基因特征及预测结构等,然后研究了该基因在不同组织、不同蜕壳期和卵巢发育阶段的表达模式,进一步通过原位杂交技术研究了该基因在肝胰腺中的表达定位,最后探讨了高pH慢性胁迫下肝胰腺的Es-Bco1表达量、色泽及类胡萝卜素含量变化情况,旨在初步探究Bco1在甲壳动物生长发育过程中的生理功能及水体高pH对甲壳动物类胡萝卜素代谢的影响,为深入理解甲壳动物类胡萝卜素的分解代谢机制提供基础资料。
实验用蟹均来自上海海洋大学崇明科研基地。不同批次实验用蟹均为附肢健全、体质量接近和活力较好的个体。实验方案经上海海洋大学动物伦理委员会批准,并遵守中国科学技术部制定的《实验动物伦理待遇指南》。
挑选平均体质量为(11.2±2.3)g的池塘养殖生长蜕壳阶段的雌体幼蟹,活体运输到上海海洋大学室内循环水养殖系统中暂养,水槽(长×宽×高=2.50 m×0.60 m×0.25 m)水深12 cm,每个水槽放养30只幼蟹。蜕壳后的个体立即移入养殖盒(长×宽×高=34 cm×24 cm×18 cm)中单个体养殖,准确记录蜕壳日期和初始体质量。根据中华绒螯蟹蜕壳分期的外部形态学特
分别挑选生殖蜕壳前(卵巢发育Ⅰ期)和生殖蜕壳后(卵巢发育Ⅱ~Ⅴ期)的池塘养殖雌蟹,活体运输到上海海洋大学,生殖蜕壳前雌蟹平均体质量为(67.9±7.0)g,生殖蜕壳后的雌蟹平均体质量为(113.0±9.4)g。在室内循环水养殖系统中进行群养,养殖桶为500 L的PE桶(直径×高度=108 cm×120 cm),每只桶养殖10~12只雌蟹,暂养7~10 d开始采样,暂养期间投喂配合饲料(澳华成蟹3#,蛋白质含量为41.3%,粗脂肪含量为14.5%,浙江澳华饲料有限公司)。根据卵巢外观和组织学对卵巢发育进行分
通过Trizol法提取各组织的总RNA,采用NanoDrop 2 000微量紫外分光光度计(ThermoFisher Scientific,美国)测定其浓度和纯度,采用1% 琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测RNA的完整性,将合格的RNA保存于-80 ℃冰箱中。随后以提取的总RNA为模板,使用Evo-M-MLV反转录试剂盒(AG11706,湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司)进行cDNA转录合成。
利用Local Blast分析中华绒螯蟹转录组数据(PRJNA660118)以及基因组数据(GCA_024679095.1)得到了Es-Bco1的CDS序列。利用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计该基因中间片段的特异性引物(
引物名称 Primer name | 引物序列(5'–3') Sequence (5'–3') | 用途 Usage |
---|---|---|
Es-Bco1-1F | ATGGAGCAGCAACAAGAAGAG | 验证ORF引物 |
Es-Bco1-1R | GGAATCTGGAACGATAGGTAAC | 验证ORF引物 |
Es-Bco1-2F | TCGTTCCAGATTCCTTCGC | 验证ORF引物 |
Es-Bco1-2R | AGAAGCAGGTCTCCGTCAGG | 验证ORF引物 |
Es-Bco1-3F | CCGACAACTGCTTAGTGAACG | 验证ORF引物 |
Es-Bco1-3R | GCTGCTTCATGTTCCTAGCGT | 验证ORF引物 |
qRT-Es-Bco1-F | CAGCAACAAGAAGAGAACCG | qRT-PCR引物 |
qRT-Es-Bco1-F | GCGAAGGAATCTGGAACGA | qRT-PCR引物 |
β-Actin-F | GCATCCACGAGACCACTTACA | qRT-PCR引物 |
β-Actin-R | CTCCTGCTTGCTGATCCACATC | qRT-PCR引物 |
Es-Bco1-ish-dsF | TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCAGCAACAAGAAGAGAACCG | ISH引物 |
Es-Bco1-ish-R | CATGAGCCGATGAAACAAAGT | ISH引物 |
Es-Bco1-ish-F | CAGCAACAAGAAGAGAACCG | ISH引物 |
Es-Bco1-ish-dsR | TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCATGAGCCGATGAAACAAAGT | ISH引物 |
目的 Aim | 工具 Tool | 网址 Website | 参数设置 Parameter setting |
---|---|---|---|
氨基酸序列预测 | SMS | http://www.bio-soft.net/sms/ | 90 |
蛋白理化性质分析 | Protparam | http://web.expasy.org/protparam/ | 默认 |
染色体定位可视化 | TB tools | 无 | 默认 |
基因结构分析 | Splign | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign/splign.cgi | 默认 |
信号肽分析 | SignalP | http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/ | 默认 |
跨膜结构分析 | TMHMM-2.0 | http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM/ | 默认 |
蛋白质结构域分析 | Pram | http://pafm.xfam.org/search | 默认 |
三级结构预测 | SWISS-MODEL | https://swissmodel.expasy.org/interactive | 默认 |
序列比对 | BioEdit软件 | 无 | 默认 |
保守基序 | MEME | https://meme-suite.org/meme/doc/meme.html | 10 |
进化分析 | MEGA 11.0 | 无 | 邻接法(NJ) |
根据所获得的Es-Bco1序列,采用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计荧光定量PCR(qPCR)的引物序列(
试剂Reagent | Es-Bco1 | β-actin |
---|---|---|
SYBR Premix Ex Ta | 5.0 | 5.0 |
PCR Forward Primer(10 μmol/L) | 0.4 | 0.4 |
PCR Reverse Primer(10 μmol/L) | 0.4 | 0.4 |
cDNA template | 0.8 | 0.8 |
dH2O | 3.4 | 3.4 |
总体积Total volume/μL | 10.0 | 10.0 |
使用地高辛(DIG)RNA标记试剂盒(Roche,Basel,Switzerland)和Transcript Aid T7高产转录试剂盒(ThermoFisher Scientific,美国),按照试剂盒说明书合成正义和反义探针,所用引物见
根据河蟹养殖池塘水体的pH变化范围,分别设置8.0、9.0、10.0等3个pH组,河蟹养殖于塑料盒(长×宽×高=55 cm×40 cm×25 cm)内,每个塑料盒中放25只幼蟹(体质量5~7 g,处于蜕壳间期),每个pH设置3个重复组。采用0.1 mol/L的氢氧化钠或盐酸调节水体pH,每隔8 h调整1次;每日下午投喂幼蟹配合饲料,次日上午清除残饵和记录死亡情况;胁迫30 d后采样,取出部分肝胰腺组织液氮速冻后,置于RNA保存液中-80 ℃保存,用于后续荧光定量PCR分析,具体实验步骤同1.4节;剩余肝胰腺组织避光保存于-40 ℃,用于色泽测定及类胡萝卜素含量测定。
使用色差仪(CR-400,Konica Minolta Marunouchi,日本)测定中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺的色泽(
避光条件下,取0.2~0.3 g肝胰腺湿样加入丙酮后涡旋震荡混匀,超声震荡10 min后离心,取出上清液。随后,使用丙酮进行4~5次重复提取,直到提取液无色,将所有上清液合并用于后续测定。采用分光光度计(T6新世纪,北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司)测定提取液在波长470 nm下的OD值。以纯化的虾青素(纯度:95.2%,Dr.ehrenstorfer,德国)为标准品,制备标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算样品中总类胡萝卜素含量。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法对样品中类胡萝卜素进行分离和定量,具体方法参照孙秋凤
中华绒螯蟹Bco1的开放阅读框(ORF)全长为1 614 bp(包括终止密码子),编码537个氨基酸(

图1 中华绒螯蟹Bco1基因的开放阅读框(ORF)及其推导的氨基酸序列
Fig.1 Open reading frame (ORF) of Bco1 gene and its derived amino acid sequence of Eriocheir sinensis
ATG.起始密码子;*.终止密码子;下划线及蓝色部分为Es-Bco1基因RPE65结构域。
ATG.start codon; *.Stop codon; The underlined and blue parts are the RPE65 domain of Es-Bco1 gene.

图2 中华绒螯蟹Bco1基因结构
Fig.2 Gene structure of Bco1 of Eriocheir sinensis
A,B,C代表内含子;方框区域代表外显子。
A, B, and C stand for introns; The box areas represent exons.

图3 中华绒螯蟹和其他物种的BCO1氨基酸序列比对及其系统进化树
Fig.3 Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree of BCO1 between Eriocheir sinensis and the other animal species
(a)黑色背景表示完全一致的氨基酸序列,灰色背景表示相似氨基酸序列,红色划线区域为RPE65结构域,蓝色虚线框为缺失片段LPKVA和KISS。
(a)The black background represents the identical amino acid sequence, the gray background represents the similar amino acid sequence, the red underlined area is the RPE65 domain, and the blue dashed box represents the missing fragments LPKVA and KISS.
qPCR结果显示,Es-Bco1在河蟹的鳃、眼柄、内膜、肌肉、后肠、肝胰腺、胃和心脏中均有表达(

图 4 中华绒螯蟹不同组织中Es-Bco1 mRNA的相对表达量
Fig.4 Relative expression levels of Es-Bco1 mRNA in different tissues of Eriocheir sinensis
柱状图上方含有不同字母表示差异显著(P<0. 05)。
Different letters above the bar chart indicate significant differences(P<0. 05).

图5 中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中Es-Bco1 mRNA在不同蜕壳阶段和不同卵巢发育阶段的相对表达量变化
Fig.5 Relative expression levels of Es-Bco1 mRNA in the hepatopancreas during the different molting stages and different ovarian developmental stages of Eriocheir sinensis
AB期.蜕壳后期;C期.蜕壳间期;D期.蜕壳前期;E期.蜕壳期;Ⅰ~Ⅴ分别代表卵巢发育Ⅰ~Ⅴ期。柱状图上方含有不同字母表示差异显著(P<0. 05)。
Stage AB.postmolt stage; C stage.intermolt stage; Stage D.premolt stage; Stage E.ecdysis stage; Ⅰ-Ⅴ respectively represent the stages of ovarian development Ⅰ-Ⅴ. Different letters above the bar chart indicate significant differences (P<0. 05).
原位杂交结果(图版)显示,在蜕壳AB期Es-Bco1 mRNA在中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中出现了明显的阳性信号,且阳性信号定位于纤维细胞(Fibrillar cell,F细胞)和吸收细胞(Resorptive cell,R细胞),R细胞中的阳性高于F细胞(图版-1)。卵巢发育Ⅲ期,肝胰腺中的Es-Bco1 mRNA主要存在于F细胞中(图版-4),其余细胞中没有阳性信号。

1-3为蜕壳后期(AB期)肝胰腺组,4-6为卵巢发育Ⅲ期肝胰腺组。其中,原位杂交反义探针结果为1和4;正义探针为对照,杂交结果为2和5;H.E染色结果为3和6。F.纤维细胞;R.吸收细胞。
1-3 were hepatopancreas groups at the post-molting stage (AB), 4-6 were hepatopancreas groups at the stage Ⅲ of ovarian development. Among them, the results of in situ hybridization antisense probe were 1 and 4, as the control, the hybridization results were 2 and 5. H.E staining results were 3 and 6. F.Fibrillar cell; R.Resorptive cell.
图版 中华绒螯蟹蜕壳后期(AB期)和卵巢发育Ⅲ期肝胰腺中Es-Bco1 mRNA的组织定位
Plate Localization of Es-Bco1 mRNA in hepatopancreas at post-molting stage (AB) and
为了探讨水体高pH慢性胁迫对河蟹肝胰腺Es-Bco1基因表达、色泽及类胡萝卜素含量的影响,本研究检测了3种常见pH条件下(pH 8.0对照、pH 9.0、pH 10.0),河蟹肝胰腺中该基因的相对表达水平、肝胰腺色泽及类胡萝卜素含量变化情况。结果表明,河蟹在高pH胁迫30 d后,随着pH的提高其肝胰腺中Es-Bco1 mRNA呈现增加趋势(

图6 高pH慢性胁迫对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中Es-Bco1 mRNA表达水平、色泽及类胡萝卜素含量的影响
Fig.6 Effects of chronic stress of high pH on Es-Bco1 mRNA expression level, color parameter and carotenoid content in hepatopancreas of Eriocheir sinensis
柱状图上方含有不同字母表示差异显著(P<0. 05)。
Different letters above the bar chart indicate significant differences (P<0. 05).
动物体内类胡萝卜素经类胡萝卜素加氧酶(如BCO1,BCO2和NinaB)分解代谢成一系列重要的生物产物来维持机体正常的生理代
哺乳动物BCO1可以裂解类胡萝卜素产生维生素
蜕壳与卵巢发育是中华绒螯蟹的重要生物学过程。处于蜕壳AB期的中华绒螯蟹刚完成蜕壳,新的外骨骼还未完全硬化,肝胰腺中高表达的Bco1加快了体内类胡萝卜素的裂解,提供了更多的类胡萝卜素代谢产物来促进身体发
高pH胁迫是水产养殖中常见的环境压力,可导致水产动物机体中活性氧自由基(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)增加,引起氧化应激,使得体色改
中华绒螯蟹Es-Bco1基因具有一个典型的RPE65结构域,广泛表达于各组织,其中内膜中、眼柄和肝胰腺中表达量相对较高。中华绒螯蟹蜕壳和卵巢发育过程中,肝胰腺中Es-Bco1 mRNA表达水平分别在蜕壳后期(AB期)和卵巢发育Ⅲ期最高,且主要定位于AB期的F细胞和R细胞,卵巢发育Ⅲ期的F细胞中。高pH胁迫会导致中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中Es-Bco1基因表达量显著上调,
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